Case uses

1. Case uses

2. NOMINATIVE • SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE • RENAMES SUBJECT AFTER LINKING VERB

3. VOCATIVE • DIRECT ADDRESS; USED TO CALL SOMEONE/SOMETHING

4. GENITIVE • SHOWS POSSESSION • MRS. EAGLE’S DOG UNDERESTANDS LATIN. • MATRONAE AQUILAE CANIS LATINAM INTELLEGIT.

5. GENITIVE • DESCRIPTION/QUALITY: A NOUN AND ADJECTIVE DESCRIBING ANOTHER NOUN • BRUTUS ERAT DUX MAGNAE VIRTUTIS. • BRUTUS WAS A LEADER OF GREAT COURAGE

6. GENITIVE • QUANTITY: WITH CERTAIN ADJECTIVES TO EXPLAIN WHAT THERE IS A QUANTITY OF • MARCUS ANTONIUS BIBIT NIMIUM VINI. • MARC ANTONY DRANK TOO MUCH WINE.

7. GENITIVE • USED WITH THE FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:AVIDUS,CONSCIUS, CUPIDUS, EXPERS, MEMOR, IMMEMOR, NESCIUS, PERITUS, PLENUS, STUDIOSUS, SIMILIS, DISSIMLIS • CATO ERAT EXPERS HUMILITATIS. • CATO WAS LACKING IN HUMILITY.

8. GENITIVE • USED WITH IMPERSONAL VERBS TO SHOW THE CAUSE OF FEELINGS • ME TAEDET CALIDAE AESTATE • I AM TIRED OF THE HOT SUMMER

9. GENITIVE • VALUE: TELLS HOW MUCH SOMETHING IS WORTH • DOMITIAN PUTAVIT SUUM FRATREM TITUM NULLIUS MOMENTI • DOMITIAN THOUGHT HIS BROTHER TITUS OF NO IMPORTANCE.

10. GENITIVE • PARTITIVE: TELLS THE GROUP OF WHICH A PART IS MENTIONED • PART OF THE GIRLS WERE LAUGHING. • PARS PUELLARUM RIDEBAT.

11. GENITIVE • USED WITH SPECIAL VERBS , ESPECIALLY OF REMEMBERING OR FORGETTING • OBLITA SUM PECUNIAE • I WAS FORGETFUL OF MONEY

12. DATIVE • INDIRECT OBJECT; TO WHOM OR FOR WHOM SOMETHING IS GIVEN, SHOWN, OR TOLD • BRUTUS DEMONSTRAVIT LUCRETIAE CORPUS POPULIS. • BRUTUS SHOWED LUCRETIA’S BODY TO THE PEOPLE

13. DATIVE • ADVANTAGE: TO WHOSE ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE • CATO SERVAVIT REM PUBLICAM ROMINIS, • CATO SAVED THE REBULIC FOR THE ROMANS.

14. DATIVE • SEPARATION: FROM WHOM/WHAT SOMETHING IS SEPARATED • LUCRETIA RAPTA EST COLLATINO. • LUCRATIA WAS SNATCHED FROM COLLATINUS.

15. DATIVE • SOME VERBS WILL USE THIS CASE FOR THE OBJECT: APPROPINQUO, CONFIDO, DIFFIDO, CONSULO, CREDO, FAVEO, GRATULOR, IGNOSCO, IMMINEO, INDULGEO, INVIDEO, IRASCOR, MEDEOR, NOCEO, NUBO, OBSTO, OCCURRO, SUCCURRO, PARCO, PAREO, PERSUADEO, PLACEO, DISPLICEO, PRAECIPIO, RESISTO, SERVIO, STUDEO, SUBVENIO

16. DATIVE • COMPOUNDS OF SUM EXCEPT POSSUM, ABSUM, INSUM ARE FOLLOWED BY THE DATIVE:adsum, desum,intersum,praesum,prosum, supersum • SOME COMPOUND VERBS BOTH TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE ALSO TAKE THE DATIVE

17. DATIVE • TO SHOW POSSESSION WITH A FORM OF SUM • ERAT CORIOLANI BELLUM. • THERE WAS A WAR FOR CORILANUS.

18. DATIVE • SHOWS THE PERSON/THING OBLIGATED TO PERFORM THE PASSIVE PERIPHRASTIC • CARTHAGO DELENDA EST ROMANIS. • CARTHAGE MUST BE DESTROYED BY THE ROMANS.

19. DATIVE USED TO SHOW PURPOSE FOR WHICH SOMETHING IS DONE OR EXISTS CAESAR LEGIT OCTAVIANUM HEREDI. CAESAR CHOOSES OCTAVIUS FOR HIS HEIR.

20. ACCUSATIVE • DURATION: TELLS HOW LONG SOMETHING LASTS • CELEBRAVIMUS TOTUM MENSEM. • We celebrated the whole month.

21. ACCUSATIVE • PLACE TO: SHOWS MOTION TOWARD • NAVIGAMUS AD SICILIAM • WE ARE SAILING TO SICILY

22. ACCUSATIVE • EXTENT: TELLS HOW FAR SOMETHING GOES • THE WALL EXTENDED FOR THREE MILES. • MURUS TENDIT TRES MILIA PASSUUM.

23. ACCUSATIVE • PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES: MOST LATIN PREPOSITIONS USE THE ACCUSATIVE FOR THEIR OBJECTS • ANTE, APUD, AD, ADVERSUS, CIRCUM,CIRCA, CITRA, CIS, CONTRA, INTER, ERGA, EXTRA, INFRA, INTRA, IUXTA, OB,PENES, PONE, POST, PRAETER, PROPE, PROPTER, PER, SECUNDUM, SUPRA, VERSUS, TRANS,ULTRA, SUPER, *IN, *SUB, *SUBTER • *MUST HAVE IDEA OF MOTION TOWARDS

24. ACCUSATIVE • SUBJECT OF INDIRECT STATEMENT • CATO PUTAVIT CARTHAGINEM DEBERE DELERI. • CATO THOUGHT HTAT CARTHAGE OUGHT TO BE DESTROYED.

25. ACCUSATIVE • DIRECT OBJECT; RECEIVES THE VERB FOR MOST VERBS • CATO VIDET CARTHAGINEM. • CATO SEES CARTHAGE

26. ACCUSATIVE • EXCLAMATION • ME MISERUM! • POOR ME!

27. ABLATIVE • TIME: SHOWS WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENS; NO PREPOSITION • AT THE NINTH HOUR, CATO WENT TO HIS FRIEND’S HOUSE, • NONA HORA CATON AD SUI AMICI VILLAM VENIT.

28. ABLATIVE • DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE: USUALLY USED WITH COMPARISON TO SHOW HOW MUCH THE DIFFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO COMPARED ITEMS IS • CINNCINNATUS ERAT MULTO FIDELIOR SULLA. • CINNCINNATUS WAS MUCH MORE LOYAL THAN SULLA.

29. ABLATIVE • COMPARISON: WHEN COMPARING TWO THINGS, THE SECOND CAN BE PUT IN THE ABLATIVE WITHOUT A PREPOSITION • CINNCINNATUS ERAT FIDELIOR PATRIAE SULLA. • CINNCINNATUS WAS MORE FAITHFUL TO HIS COUNTRY THAN SULLA.

30. ABLATIVE • THE FOLLOWING PREPOSITIONS USE THE ABLATIVE FOR THEIR OBECTS: • A, AB, E, EX, DE, CUM, PRAE, PRO, SINE,*IN, *SUB • *USE ABLATI VE FOR LOCATION

31. ABLATIVE • GENERALLY ANSWERS THE QUESTIONS WHERE? WHEN? HOW? WHY?

32. ABLATIVE • PRICE: SHOWS THE PRICE PAID • CAESAR ‘S FRIENDSHIP WITH BRUTUS WAS AT A CONSIDERABLE PRICE • CAESARIS AMICITIA CUM BRUTO ERAT MAGNO PRETIO

33. ABLATIVE • MEANS/INSTRUMENT: SHOWS THE THING USED TO COMPLETE AN ACTION; NO PREPOSITION; SHOULDN’T BE A PERSON • CAESAR INTERFECTUS EST PUGIONE. • CAESAR WAS KILLED BY A DAGGER • (ACTUALLY BY MANY DAGGERS)

34. ABLATIVE • PLACE WHERE: SHOWS LOCATION USING THE PREPOSITIONS IN, SUB WHICH CAN BE OMITTED WITH CITY NAMES • HABITABAMUS IN INSULIS. • WE USED TO LIVE IN APARTMENTS

35. ABLATIVE • PLACE FROM: SHOWS THE LOCATION BEING LEFT WITH THE PREPOSITIONS A,AB,E,EX,DE • MOVIMUS EX INSULIS. • WE MOVED FROM THE APARTMENTS.

36. ABLATIVE • DIRECT OBJECT OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS: FRUOR(ENJOY, HAVE BENEFIT OF), FUNGOR,(PERFORM, DISCHARGE) POTIOR(GAIN POSSESSION OF) , UTOR( USE), VESCOR ( FEED ON) • UTA SUM MEIS PECUNIIS DONO. • I USED MY OWN MONEY FOR THE GIFT.

37. ABLATIVE • SHOWS THE SPECIFIC PRICE • LUCILLA VENDEBATUR CENTUM DENARIIS. • LUCILLA WAS BEING SOLD FOR 100 DENARII.

38. ABLATIVE • DESCRIPTION: A NOUN AND ADJECTIVE DESCRIBE ANOTHER NOUN WITHOUT A PREPOSITION • CATO ERAT VIR DURIS SENTENTIIS. • Cato was a man of harsh opinions.

39. ABLATIVE • PERSONAL AGENT: SHOWS THE PERSON WHOM PERFORMS THE PASSIVE VERB; USE THE PREPOSITION A/AB • CAESAR INTERFECTUS EST A BRUTO. • CAESAR WAS KILLED BY BRUTUS.