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Unit 13: Prokaryotes

Explore the world of prokaryotes through lab experiments, microscope observations, and demonstrations. Learn about bacterial types, reproduction, extracellular digestion, antibiotic effects, and living cultures of Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria.

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Unit 13: Prokaryotes

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  1. Unit 13: Prokaryotes Read Lab safety page 87 of lab book

  2. 4 - Kingdoms 2-Domains

  3. DOMAIN“Eubacteria”

  4. Eschericia coli Monera -diagram

  5. DNA ejected from E. coli 1000 times length of cell. Cell treated with enzyme to weaken cell wall.

  6. Bacterial reproduction: Binary fission

  7. flagellum Bacterial flagella

  8. Bacterial capsules

  9. photosynthetic bacteria Photosynthetic bacteria

  10. Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria

  11. Bacteriophage and single strand of DNA

  12. Gene cloning by bacteria.

  13. nodule Root Nodule

  14. Exercise 1: Bacterial types

  15. individual cell in chain (not filamentous) Exercise 1: Bacteria Types - rod shaped

  16. cluster of many cells Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spherical shaped

  17. individual cell Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spiral shaped

  18. Exercise 2:Demonstration Slides

  19. On the Side table are several microscopes set up to demonstrate the following bacteria: • Neisseria gonorrhoeae – “Gonorrhoeae” Cocci, gram negative • Borrelia burgdorferi – “Lyme disease” • Salmonella enteritidis - “Salmonella” gram negative • Treponema sp. - “Syphilis” • Bacterial flagella – special stain to show flagella Exercise 2 Demonstartion Slides

  20. Exercise 3: Living Cultures of Eubacteria

  21. Obtain a dry microscope slide. • Your instructor will dispense to you one of the following living bacteria. • Bacillus megaterium • Spirillium volutans • After observing place slide in the disinfectant container on table.

  22. Exercise 4: Extracellular Digestion Compare the results of the extracellular digestion demonstration on the two different Bacillus bacteria.

  23. Extra cellular Digestion Bacillus subtilis Starch Agar No iodine

  24. Extra cellular Digestion Starch Agar Bacillus subtilis Iodine added

  25. Extra cellular Digestion Bacillus brevis Starch Agar No iodine

  26. Extra cellular Digestion Bacillus brevis Starch Agar Iodine B. brevis lack the enzyme to digest starch

  27. Exercise 5:Effect of Antibiotics on Bacteria

  28. Bacteria cell wall:: upper gram positive-- cell wall consists of thick peptidoglycanlayers. Lower: Gram negative --- thickouter layer of lipoprotein andlipopolysaccharide; inner layer thin layer ofpeptidoglycan. Eukayotic cells do not have peptidoglycans--penicillin has no effect on them. Gram negative cells do not havecross links in the peptidoglycan layer andare not susceptible to penicillin. 6. Bacteria cell wall Gram “+” and “-”

  29. E. Coli Gram (-) E. Coli Gram (-) GM N E TE P CC AM SSS S C CB CIP

  30. Bacillus meg. Gram (+) GM E TE N P CC SSS AM S C CB CIP

  31. E. Coli (-) & Bacillus meg. (+) CC E GM N P

  32. Bacillus megaterium (Gram +)

  33. E. Coli (Gram -)

  34. Bacillus megaterium E. coli

  35. Exercise 6:Living Cultures of Cyanobacteria

  36. DOMAINEubacteria “Blue-greens”Cyanobacteria

  37. Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

  38. thermozonation = different species communities Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

  39. Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

  40. individual cell in filament Ocillatoria living cyanobacteria

  41. Anabaena

  42. See page 290 Fig 14-14 of Biology of Plants for explanation

  43. Gloeocapsa

  44. Lyngbyna

  45. Macrocystus

  46. Spiralina

  47. Spiralina

  48. DOMAIN“Archaea” Exercise 7 Archaea • Obtain prepared slide # 65a • This slide has a mix of three Archaea bacteria. • Halobacteria salinarium – small rods. • Methanomonas methylovara – larger rods. • Halococcus agglomeratus – coccus.

  49. Biology of Plants: Fig 13-8 page 270 An Universal evolutionary Tree as determined by comparing sequences of Ribosomal RNA

  50. Biology of Plants: Table 13-3 page 271

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