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Indust . Rev . = Mass production of goods by machine power

The Industrial Revolution. Indust . Rev . = Mass production of goods by machine power Begins in late 18 th cent. & carries into 20-21 st cents Pop. Shift from rural to urban Capitalism = dominant economic system. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?. Industrial England:

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Indust . Rev . = Mass production of goods by machine power

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  1. The Industrial Revolution • Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power • Begins in late 18th cent. & carries into 20-21st cents • Pop. Shift from rural to urban • Capitalism = dominant economic system

  2. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?

  3. Industrial England: "Workshop of the World" That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

  4. The Enclosure Movement

  5. “Enclosed” Lands Today

  6. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure • - connected waterways • - transported resources coal and finished products

  7. Metals, Woolens, & Canals

  8. “Fossil Fuels” Revolution - Coal & oil greatly increased energy available to humans - Dev. of machines, steam engines, internal combustion engines

  9. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

  10. Coal Mining in Britain:1800-1914

  11. Young Coal Miners

  12. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

  13. Factory Production • Concentrates production in oneplace [materials, labor]. • Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. • Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor. • Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

  14. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  15. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  16. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  17. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

  18. Spreading of New/Improved Methods of Production to Other Regions - U.S., Russia, Japan industrialize

  19. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

  20. James Hargreave’s“SpinnyJenny”

  21. The Power Loom

  22. - Telegraph - Invented by Samuel Morse • - greatly improved communications between/within: • - businesses, cities, countries

  23. Interchangeable parts – speeds production; less skill required – developed by Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin - Rifle production also

  24. James Watt’s Steam Engine

  25. Steam Tractor

  26. Steam Ship

  27. An Early Steam Locomotive

  28. Later Locomotives

  29. The Impact of the Railroad

  30. “The Great Land Serpent” • Impact = access of goods to more people • lower prices = increased demand for production

  31. The "Haves": Bourgeois Life Thrived on the Luxuries of the Industrial Revolution

  32. Social Impacts of Industrial Revolution • Most benefits = Middle class (bourgeoisie) – bankers, merchants, factory owners • Most growth = Working class Proletariat– poor treatment & pay • Urbanization = pollution, overcrowding, disease • Early exploitation of woman & child labor.

  33. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

  34. “Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

  35. “2nd Industrial Revolution” • Improvements in: • Steel • Chemicals • Electricity • Precision machinery Bessemer Process

  36. The "Have-Nots": The Poor, The Over-Worked, & the Destitute

  37. Women in Industrial Revolution • Early 1800’s = Equal # of women in factories. • Late 1800’s = Increased wages (more desirable to men) and labor laws restricting women’s work = more women staying home. • Domestic sphere for women develops.

  38. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

  39. Industrial Staffordshire

  40. Problems of Polution The Silent Highwayman - 1858

  41. The New Industrial City

  42. Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

  43. Worker Housing in Manchester

  44. Factory Workers at Home

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