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Single Photons from Coupled Quantum Modes

Single Photons from Coupled Quantum Modes. Tim Liew & Vincenzo Savona. Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. Single Mode Polariton Blockade Two coupled modes (polariton boxes) - Master Equation for the density matrix

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Single Photons from Coupled Quantum Modes

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  1. Single Photons from Coupled Quantum Modes Tim Liew & Vincenzo Savona Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland • Single Mode Polariton Blockade • Two coupled modes (polariton boxes) • - Master Equation for the density matrix • - Single Photon Statistics • - Linear Fluctuation Theory • Three couple modes (parametric scattering) • - Single Photon Statistics • - Level Diagram • Comparison of different systems & Effect of dephasing

  2. Single Mode Polariton Blockade Optical Limiter n E (meV) A Verger, C Ciuti & I Carusotto, PRB, 73, 193306 (2006) k|| (mm-1) P Planar Cavity Need confinement in an area 200nm x 200nm

  3. Two Mode System • Metal surface pattern • C W Lai, et al., Nature, 450, 529 (2007) • S Utsunomiya, et. al., Nature Phys., 4, 700 (2008) • C Symonds, et al., APL, 95, 151114 (2009) • M Kaliteevski, et al., APL, 95, 251108 (2009) • Pattern Cavity Thickness • R Idrissi Kaitouni, et al., PRB, 74, 155311 (2006) • R Cerna, et al., PRB, 80, 121309 (2009) • Apply Stress • R Balili, et al., Science, 316, 1007 (2007) • Coupled Micropillar Cavities • D Bajoni, et al., APL, 90, 051107 (2007) • D Bajoni, et al., PRL, 100, 047401 (2008) • Optical Excitation • A Amo, et al., arXiv:1003.0131 (2010) • Coupled Photonic Crystal Cavities • D Gerace, et al., Nature Phys., 5, 281 (2009)

  4. Theory Hamiltonian: J=0.5 meV (3um boxes, 1um apart) G E a G a J E2 a=0.012 meV (3um size) [J Kasprzak, et al., PRB, 75, 045326] E1 F G=0.2 meV (3.3 ps) Master Equation:

  5. Second Order Correlation Function For the same value of a, coupling to a second mode significantly decreases the value of g2 For <N1>=0.02, p(n1>1)=0.18% (five times better than the failure rate of devices based on spontaneous parametric down conversion)

  6. Linear Fluctuation Theory

  7. Parametrically Coupled Modes G a E G E3 a E2 G F a E1

  8. Level Diagram Diagonalize the Hamiltonian This state can only be reached via decay from an n=3 state

  9. Comparison of different schemes Pure dephasing term (exciton-phonon scattering): • D F Walls & G J Milburn, PRA, 31, 2403 (1985)

  10. Summary Noise correlations between coupled quantum modes can deliver better single photon statistics than a single isolated mode. The enhancement is such that with the nonlinearity available in today’s samples, one can find a low value of g2 (despite dephasing). One can also consider using parametrically coupled modes to improve single photon statistics. • T C H Liew & V Savona, PRL, to be published April 2010

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