The Age of Enlightenment

1. The Age of Enlightenment A Brief Overview

2. What was the Enlightenment? • A time period also known as the Age of Reason • It took place in Europe during the 18th century (1700s)

3. What was the Enlightenment? • During this time, thinkers called philosophes began to use reason to try to understand how the world worked and how to make it better • Old superstitions were rejected and religious beliefs were challenged • There were many political, social, and scientific advances that affect us still today; as you watch the video, note some of them down • A Salon

4. Ideas that originated during the Enlightenment • Right to happiness • Science should be practical • Discrimination is wrong • Separation of church and state • Right to privacy • Governments should not be all-powerful • Freedom of speech • Education and prison reforms • Seeds of Democracy

5. WHAT EVENTS WERE CATALYSTS FOR THE ENLIGHTENMENT? • The religious warfare of the 1600s • So many had died, people began to realize that intolerance wasn’t working • When Louis XIV revoked (got rid of) the Edict of Nantes • 200,000 Protestant refugees fled France

6. OTHER CAUSES OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT Pre-Enlightenment Thinkers Rene Descartes The father of modern rationalism “I think, therefore I am” The Scientific Revolution Francis Bacon Scientific Method: systematic observations and careful experiments would lead to correct principles Isaac Newton Natural laws can be discovered

7. THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT One of the main issues that was discussed during this time was the role of government Enlightenment thinkers (philosophes) contributed many ideas to this debate: John Locke- Baron de Montesquieu- Voltaire- Jean-Jacques Rousseau-

8. Enlightened Absolutism Some of the leaders during the Enlightenment believed in the ideas of the philosophes Read more about these rulers on page 191-193 and complete the chart below in your notebook: Enlightened Absolutism

9. Enlightened Absolutism Definition: Catherine Frederick Maria Theresa and Joseph II Were these leaders truly Enlightened? Why or why not?

10. What do these quotes mean? Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd. I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

11. The Results of the Enlightenment Reason is used to justify different forms of government-not everyone agreed on what was best! Voltaire-Monarchy, Rousseau-Democracy Stimulated religious tolerance Progress is encouraged Will help spark an Industrial Revolution Inspired revolutions in the United States, France, and Latin America Citizens questioning the role of government

12. So, what actually changed during the Enlightenment? Go around to the different stations to find out!

13. The Age of Enlightenment The Role of Women • Before the Enlightenment, many people thought women were __________________ • By the end of the Enlightenment, one person began writing about women’s rights. Her name was: • She wrote this book: • She compared they way women were treated to __________ • Women also gained power during the Enlightenment by hosting dinner parties where philosophes came to discuss ideas. These parties were called __________. Literature and the Arts • Music: • Pre-Enlightenment art (Rococo) was: • I predict the Enlightenment will make art more: • Enlightenment Art was called: • Its characteristics are: • Literature:

14. Enlightened Absolutism:Use pages 191-193 to complete the chart and answer the questions below. Why are these rulers sometimes known as enlightened despots? Which leader enacted the most reforms?