Commercial Data Processing

1. Commercial Data Processing Standard Grade Computing Studies CDP Standard Grade

2. What is Commercial Data Processing ? • Commerce - “exchange of merchandise esp. on a large scale” • large companies and other organisations CDP Standard Grade

3. What do we mean by large companies ? • supermarkets • banks • building societies • mail order • dotcoms • airlines CDP Standard Grade

4. What do we mean by other organisations ? • police • DVLC • income tax • local authorities • schools CDP Standard Grade

5. What do the organisation need for CDP ? • Have to process very large amounts of data • A mainframe computer system can handle large amounts of data • It can • process the data quickly • process the data accurately • give quick access to information • carry out repetitive tasks efficiently CDP Standard Grade

6. What is the difference between data and information? • Data is numbers, text and symbols which can be accepted, stored and processed. Data has no context. • Information can come from data that is processed. Information has a context, a meaning. CDP Standard Grade

7. Hardware for CDP • Mainframe computer • CPU • input devices • terminal for data input • operators console for management tasks • possibly remote entry • output devices • backing store CDP Standard Grade

8. The Data Processing Cycle CDP Standard Grade

9. The Data Processing Cycle • Data collection and preparation • Data input • Data processing and storage • Data output but being a cycle means……. CDP Standard Grade

10. The Data Processing Cycle Data collection and preparation Dataoutput Data processing and storage Data input CDP Standard Grade

11. Data collection and preparation CDP Standard Grade

12. Data collection and preparation • Source Document • order form • application form • register • marks entry sheet CDP Standard Grade

13. Data input CDP Standard Grade

14. Examples of data input • Bar code • Magnetic stripe • Mark sense cards • Character recognition • MICR • OCR • Smart Card CDP Standard Grade

15. Error checking CDP Standard Grade

16. Error checking • Error checking is the process of making sure the data is correct • Two forms of error checking are • validation • verification CDP Standard Grade

17. Validation • Checking data to ensure it is a sensible value to process. • The value may not be necessarily correct. • Validation is carried out by the computer system CDP Standard Grade

18. Examples of validation • Check digit • Range check • Length check • Data type check • Presence check • Hash total • Batch total CDP Standard Grade

19. Verification • Checking data to ensure it is correct • Verification is carried out by people CDP Standard Grade

20. Example of verification The usual method for verification is for the data to be typed in twice. This could be • One operator typing the data in twice, or • Two operators typing the same data in once • The computer system then compares the two inputs to check if they are identical CDP Standard Grade

21. Data processing and storage CDP Standard Grade

22. Data processing Interactive or Real time processing is used to update information. In a big organisation this is usually on a multi-user database. Can be classified as • Sequential access (serial) • Random access (direct) CDP Standard Grade

23. Data storage • Files, records, fields and data • Update • Backup • File ancestry • grandparent, parent,child CDP Standard Grade

24. Data output CDP Standard Grade

25. Data output • Screen • Paper • preprinted stationary • File CDP Standard Grade

26. Implications of the use of CDP CDP Standard Grade

27. Management information • Stock • Staff • Multi user databases • Single entry, multiple use CDP Standard Grade

28. Advantages over a manual system • Large amounts of data can be held • Data can be processed more quickly • Data can be processed more accurately (less errors) • Lists can be kept up to date more easily • Direct mailing by the use of mail merge CDP Standard Grade

29. Costs • Initial costs • hardware • software • training • Running costs • staff • maintenance CDP Standard Grade

30. Data processing staff • Network manager • Systems analyst • Programmer • Engineer CDP Standard Grade

31. E-commerce CDP Standard Grade

32. E-commerce • Online banking • Online shopping • Effects on business • Mass market CDP Standard Grade

33. Banking • What is money? • What do we want from banks? • Security • Accuracy • Reliability • Privacy CDP Standard Grade

34. Transferring money • Cash transfers • Paper transfers • Electronic fund transfer (EFT) • Home banking • on line • telephone CDP Standard Grade

35. Shopping • Pre-computers • Disadvantages • Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) • Advantages and disadvantages • Structure of bar code • Social implications • Electronic fund transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS) CDP Standard Grade

36. Crime, Security and Privacy • Theft • Fraud • Sale of customer lists • Security • physical • software CDP Standard Grade

37. CDP and the Law • Data Protection Act • Computer Misuse Act • Customer lists regulated by Advertising Standards Authority CDP Standard Grade

38. Commercial Data Processing End of presentation CDP Standard Grade