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ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensore and Actuators Topic: Pneumatic Actuators

ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensore and Actuators Topic: Pneumatic Actuators. Prepared by: Jack J Stepan Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: jjstep@cc.usu.edu T: ( 435) 787-6144 F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.)

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ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensore and Actuators Topic: Pneumatic Actuators

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  1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensore and ActuatorsTopic: Pneumatic Actuators Prepared by: Jack J Stepan Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: jjstep@cc.usu.edu T: (435)787-6144 F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) W: http://mechatronics.ece.usu.edu 3/11/2005

  2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application (application notes) • Major specifications • Limitations • And many more relevant issues in application (such as, how to choose, cost information, where to buy etc.) • http://www.festo.com

  3. Reference List • www.fpweb.com • www.nfpa.com • http://www.teamdavinci.com/understanding_pneumatics.htm • http://fluid-power.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Fluid_Power_Components/Pneumatic_Equipment_Components/Air_Motors • http://www.airmachines.com • http://www.festo.com • http://www.scaryguys.com/aircyl.htm • http://www.callisto.si.usherb.ca/~fluo2000/PDF/KeyNotes_Belforte.pdf • John P Rollins; Compressed Air and Gas Handbook 4th Edition, 1973, Compressed Air and Gas Institute • Frank W. Wilson Pneumatic Controls for Industrial Application, 1965, American Society of Tooling and Manufacturing Engineers

  4. To Explore Further(survival pointers of web references etc) The National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) is very informative for pneumatics as well as hydraulics. Check out the FREE course on the fundamentals of pneumatics plus more! The topic of pneumatic actuators is extensive. It’s best to visit nonprofit websites to learn and find products. Find some organization and society links at http://www.fpweb.com/ under “Links”

  5. Major Applications Pneumatics have a wide vareity of applications: • Animatronics • Medicine • Materials handling • Food processing • Metal working • Manufacturing automation Air controls box http://home.alphalink.com.au/~cdanda/pneumatic.html These are just a few of the major ones. See the NFPA website for case studies including computer controlled cow milking and amusement park rides!

  6. The Single Largest Use is in Aerospace Fluid Power Market Segmentation - 2003Fluid Power Markets Dollars ($000's) • aerospace hydraulics total 1,959,667.3 • nonaerospace hydraulics total 5,869,748.5 • aerospace pneumatics total 837,740.2 • nonaerospace pneumatics total 1,900,046.0 • Fluid Power Market Total 10,567,202.0 • Pneumatics are light-weight and powerful, great for airplanes! www.nfpa.com

  7. What a gas! How do air actuators work? • Driven by a difference in air pressure. • Convert a pressure difference into mechanical motion • See: http://www.teamdavinci.com/understanding_pneumatics.htm for animation!

  8. Types of Air Cylinders Single Acting Air Cylinder, with the rod normally out without pressure Single Acting Air Cylinder, with the rod normally in without pressure Double acting cylinder, air pushes rod both ways http://www.scaryguys.com/aircyl.htm

  9. Air Motors • An air motor works by creating a flow of air over a rotor in a cylinder. This flow of air causes the rotor to turn and produce a torque proportional to the pressure of the air supply. http://www.federalindustrialsales.com/inventory/pneumatics/pneu-157.htm

  10. Variations • Air cylinders and motors as shown in the previous slides are the most common types of pneumatic actuators, but there are hundreds of others including:

  11. Still More? • A few other types of pneumatic actuation http://www.callisto.si.usherb.ca/~fluo2000/PDF/KeyNotes_Belforte.pdf

  12. Example Application: Cosmetics • Problem:a cosmetic manufacturer pays a worker to insert a brush-lid assembly into a nail polish bottle. It is expensive, labor intensive, and requires accuracy http://www.zillions.org/Features/Bike/bike009.html Solution:This task was automated using two pneumatic cylinders and a gripper to grasp a lid, position it over a bottle opening, insert the brush and let go.

  13. Nail Polish Assembler Diagram http://www.nfpa.com/Pdf/Assemb.pdf

  14. Payback: manual vs. automated process Time savings per unit:1.7 seconds (manual)- 1.2 seconds (automated) = .5 Labor savings per month:.00014 hour (.5 seconds) x $10 per hour (average hourly rate) x 311,294 units per month = $436 Number of Months to Payback Investment: $2,700 component const/$436 monghly labor savings = 6.2

  15. Advantages of Using Air Power • Can maintain force even when turned off • Large forces and torques available • Very fast actuation • Self-cleaning and easy to maintain • Uses lower pressures than hydraulics • Can position over large distances • Doesn’t get hot like hydraulics • Air is clean-can be used in food production and in clean room applications • Air systems cheaper than electrical • High power low weight, you can hold a 5 hp motor in your hand • No need for return lines, air can be vented

  16. Disadvantages • Subject to noise and vibrations • Compressed air can be more expensive than electricity • Air leaks • Individual components of air systems are more expensive • Air storage • Air filtration • Bounce: air is compressable and can sometimes compress rather than actuate

  17. Air cylinder specifications • Cylinder stroke (distance between fully extended and fully retracted) • Rated Load • Operating pressure range • Bore size • Mounting options • Port size • Body material • Additional features • A typical double acting air cylinder • http://www.scaryguys.com/aircyl.htm

  18. Air motor specifications • Free running speed • Torque vs. RPM plot • Stall torque • Available power • Dimensions available • Type of shaft • Type of mounting • Operating noise level • Air consumption Typical performance plot http://www.dynatork.co.uk/products/air_motors/dynatork1.htm

  19. Where to buy • I recommend http://www.globalspec.com/ as a start. They list hundreds of possible specifications and list companies that sell them. • Also try http://www.thomasnet.com/ for manufacturing data • The biggest pneumatic actuator company is http://www.festo.com

  20. How much do they cost • Prices vary widely depending on size of the actuator, materials used, quality, and specialization. Most manufacturers will provide price quotes • http://www.festo.com

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