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Chapter 1

Healthy Lifestyles. Chapter 1. History of Health Care. Early civilization believed that illness was due to natural or supernatural forces or the result of wrongdoing Used incantations, charms or herbs, magic, or folk remedies 6th century BC—medical schools established

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Chapter 1

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  1. Healthy Lifestyles Chapter 1

  2. History of Health Care • Early civilization believed that illness was due to natural or supernatural forces or the result of wrongdoing • Used incantations, charms or herbs, magic, or folk remedies • 6th century BC—medical schools established • Hippocrates—First physician to believe that nature had a healing component

  3. History of Health Care (continued) • MiddleAges—medicine and religion were interwoven • 19thcentury—bacteriology developed • 20thcentury—infectious diseases a major cause of deaths, but marked improvements seen in: • Sanitation • Water • Food • Quality of life • Use of vaccines and antibiotics

  4. Health Care Today • Improvements continue to limit the number of deaths • Old diseases resurface • TB • Measles • New infections appear • HIV/AIDS • Ebola • Drug-resistant strains of organisms

  5. Motor vehicle safety Advances in diagnosis and treatment for heart disease and stroke Improvements in safety Advancements in maternal child care Better nutrition Improved hygiene Improved technology Recognition of risks with tobacco use Improved genetic counseling Contributions to Longevity

  6. Mental health Injury and violence Environmental quality Immunization Access to health care Overweight and obesity Tobacco use Substance use Physical activity Responsible sexual behavior Healthy People 2010Leading Health Indicators

  7. Health Care Delivery • Early beginnings • 19th-20th century • 21st century • Managed care • PCP • HMO • PPO • POS

  8. Concept of Health • WHO definition—“A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” • Holistic health • Physical • Psychological • Social • Cognitive • Environmental influences

  9. Health • Health—a balance of internal and external forces leading to optimal functioning • Health promotion—directed toward increasing one’s optimal level of wellness • Health maintenance—focuses on prevention • Health restoration—to restore function and compensate for losses

  10. Healthy Lifestyle Practices • Good nutrition • Exercise • Mental health • Substance avoidance • Disease prevention

  11. Empowerment • Empowerment is a form of self-responsibility • Components • Recognize own needs • Solve problems • Gain sense of control • Access resources

  12. Healthy Lifestyles • Nutrition • Exercise • Mental health • Stress and anxiety responses • Avoidance of substance abuse • A healthy self-concept

  13. Roles of the Nurse in Health Promotion • Caregiver • Teacher • Advocate • Collaborator • Role model

  14. Levels of Disease Prevention • Primary (health promotion) • Basic hygiene, nutrition, exercise, immunizations, and regular check-ups • Secondary • Early diagnosis, screening, and treatment • Tertiary (health restoration) • Restore person to optimal functioning

  15. Chapter Challenge • Name factors that promote a healthy lifestyle • Explain why empowerment helps foster good health • Distinguish between the three levels of disease prevention

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