Summary Writing in California

1. Summary Writing in California

2. 2002 Frog and Toad ;Beavers 2005 Kiting; Bonsai Trees Analytic Summary * Comprehensive and brief * Sum and substance * Concise statement * Shorter than original * Short version * Condensation Paraphrase Summary * Restatement of text or passage * Giving the meaning in another form * Rewording for clearness * Restate, reword, rephrase * State in other words *About the same length as original text – may be shorter depending on the amount of important information

3. Scoring Depends on how well the student: states the main ideas of the article identifies the most important details that support the main ideas uses his own words. uses correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. Source: California Department of Education Website

4. For the summary writing tasks in grade four, students were expected to summarize main ideas and important details in their own words. Students who did well included only information that was in the original article and avoided extraneous commentary. Effective summaries were organized in a logical order. Source: California Department of Education Website

5. Skills Necessary for Effective Summary Writing • Identifying the overall big idea • Identifying main ideas within a passage • Identifying important details within a passage • Identifying and replicating text structures • Varying sentence structures to restate or combine ideas • Vocabulary instruction related to synonyms and relating ideas “in other words.”

6. Combine ideas using a different sentence structure

7. Combining Ideas using different sentence structures Hardness is a property of minerals.

8. Luster, a mineral’s shininess, is a property of minerals

9. Color is a property of minerals

10. Color is a property of minerals Hardness is a property of minerals. Luster, a mineral’s shininess, is a property of minerals Hardness, luster, and color are all properties of minerals. The properties of minerals are hardness, luster, and color.

11. Rocks come in different colors

12. smooth Rough Rocks come in different textures.

13. Rocks come in different sizes.

14. Rocks come in different textures. Rocks come in sizes. Rocks come in different colors Rocks come in different colors, textures, and sizes. Colors, textures, and sizes are all different among rocks.

15. Granite is made with the mineral quartz.

16. Granite is made with the mineral feldspar.

17. Granite is made with the mineral Mica.

18. Granite is made with the mineral mica. Granite is made with the mineral quartz. Granite is made with the mineral feldspar. Granite is made with quartz, feldspar, and mica minerals. The minerals that make up granite are quartz, feldspar, and mica.

19. Wind causes weathering.

20. Water causes weathering.

21. Plants cause weathering.

22. Wind, water, and plants cause weathering. Weathering is caused by wind water and plants.

23. Reorganize sentence to vary your sentence Example: Erosion is the carrying of weathering rock and soil from place to place. Sentenced reorganized: • The carrying of weathering rock and soil from place to place is called weathering.

24. Reorganizing sentences Example: Gravity is a force that pulls all objects toward each other. Reorganize: • A force that pulls all objects towards each other is called gravity.

25. Reorganized sentences Example: Gravity causes water to run downhill. Reorganize: • Water that runs downhill is caused by gravity.

26. Reorganized sentences Example: Strong winds pick up sandy soil and move it to new places Reorganized • Sandy soil is moved to new places by strong winds.

27. Reorganized sentence Example: Weathering and erosion change the earth’s surface. Reorganized: • The earth’s surface is changed by weathering and erosion.

28. Reorganizing sentences Example: Deposition is the process of dropping, or depositing sediment or soil in a new location. Reorganized • The process of dropping or depositing sediment or soil in a new location is called deposition.

29. Mountains are a physical feature on earth’s surface. Canyons are a physical feature on earth’s surface. Plateaus are a physical feature on earth’s surface. Mountains, canyons, and plateaus are physical features on earth’s surface. Earth’s surface have physical features such as mountains, canyons and plateaus.

30. Skills Necessary for Effective Summary Writing • Identifying the overall big idea • Identifying main ideas within a passage • Identifying important details within a passage • Identifying and replicating text structures • Varying sentence structures to restate or combine ideas • Vocabulary instruction related to synonyms and relating ideas “in other words.”

31. Put It in Your Own Words (Paraphrasing) I am going on an expedition to exploreancient rocks! In other words, Your leaving on a trip or outing to investigate old rocks!

32. Paraphrasing is the ability or skill of using synonyms or other words to rephrase a sentence. Example: Water weathers rock in severalways. Breaks down More than one manner Paraphrased sentence: Water breaks down rock in more than one manner.

33. Paraphrasing is the ability or skill of using synonyms or other words to rephrase a sentence. Example: Flowing water tumbles rocks against each other, breaking them into smaller pieces and smoothing their edges. Causes rocks to fall on top of each other moving Weathering into tiny parts flattening Paraphrased sentence: Moving water causes rocks to fall on top of each other, weathering them into tiny parts and flattening their edges.

34. Paraphrasing is the ability or skill of using synonyms or other words to rephrase a sentence. Example: Water can erodegreat amounts of sediment. broken tiny pieces of rock move Large portions Paraphrased sentence: Water can move large portions of broken tiny pieces of rock.

35. Paraphrasing is the ability or skill of using synonyms or other words to rephrase a sentence. Example: Sediment from weathered cliffs is eroded by waves and deposited as new sand on beaches. Mountain’s edges deposits moved Broken down dropped fresh Paraphrased sentence: Deposits from broken down mountain’s edges is moved by waves and dropped as fresh sand on the beaches.

36. Paraphrasing is the ability or skill of using synonyms or other words to rephrase a sentence. formed unique earth Example: Wind erosion has shaped some of the world’s most unusuallandforms. Physical features Paraphrased sentence: Wind erosion has formed some of earth’s most unique physical features.

37. Rocks & Minerals Vocabulary

38. Landforms: Earth’s physical features mountains valleys plains canyons as as as Landform Landform Landform Landform RL: are examples of a

39. Erosion: the process of moving sediment form one place to another Water eroding rock landforms Wind eroding rock and sand.

40. Word Form RL: is the verb form of erode weather deposit as as Erosion weathering deposition Water erosionerodesgreat amounts of sediment.

41. Sediment: tiny pieces or particles of broken rock and sand

42. Weathering: the process of breaking down rock into soil, sand, and other tiny pieces

43. Deposition: The process dropping or depositing sediment in a new location Rivers deposit sediment along its banks.

44. Deltas: are the mouths of rivers Rivers build deltas with the sediment theycarry.

45. Mass Movement: The downhill movement of rock and soil because of gravity. Avalanches are examples of mass movements.

46. Glaciers: Massive or enormous body of ice

47. Mineral: a solid material with particles that have a repeating pattern Galena calcite magnetite

48. Streak: is the color of powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a white tile called a streak plate

49. Luster (shininess): describes the way the outside or surface of the mineral reflect light.

50. Hardness: the mineral’s ability to resist being scratched. Moh’s Hardness Scale How can you identify a fake diamond?