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KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

Explore the key concepts of atoms, elements, compounds, and bonds in living things. Learn about the structure of atoms, the formation of compounds, and the different types of bonds that hold atoms together. Discover how these interactions shape the chemistry of life.

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KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

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  1. KEY CONCEPTAll living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

  2. H O Living things consist of atoms of different elements. • An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. • An element is one type of atom. Hydrogen atom (H) Oxygen atom (O)

  3. Oxygen atom (O) outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) Nucleus:8 protons (+)8 neutrons inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) • An atom has a nucleus and electrons. • The nucleus has protons and neutrons. • Electrons are in energy levels outside nucleus.

  4. _ O H H + + • A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. • water (H2O)

  5. A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. • carbon dioxide (CO2) and many other carbon-based compounds in living things

  6. gained electron Na loses anelectron to CI ionic bond Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (CI) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (CI-) Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons. • positive ions - cations • negative ions - anions • Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions.

  7. covalent bonds Oxygen atom (O) Carbon atom (C) Oxygen atom (O) Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) Atoms share pairs of electrons in covalent bonds. • multiple covalent bonds • diatomic molecules like O2

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