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Latin II Welcome-Back Review!

Latin II Welcome-Back Review!. 1 st and 2 nd declension nouns. Declension review!. Nouns are the names of persons places or things. Latin Nouns Have 4 Features. Case --- how a noun works in its sentence.

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Latin II Welcome-Back Review!

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  1. Latin IIWelcome-Back Review! 1st and 2nd declension nouns

  2. Declension review!

  3. Nouns are the names of persons places or things.

  4. Latin Nouns Have 4 Features • Case---howa noun works in its sentence. • Number---whether a noun is singular or plural (singular=one, plural=more than one) • Gender---whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. • Declension---each noun belongs to one of the 5 declensions: groups of nouns that share the same pattern of endings

  5. In Latin, the use of the noun is determined by its case ending, not its place in the sentence. There are five cases: • Nominative- subject and predicate nominative • Genitive– possession • Dative - indirect object • Accusative- direct object • Ablative– (various)

  6. 1st Declension Nouns • Let’s learn how to write a 1st declension noun on its “declension chart.” • A declension chart shows the noun in all its cases (spellings). • For example…

  7. AQUAM AQUIS AQUA AQUAE AQUA AQUAS AQUARUM

  8. 1st Declension Nouns • 1st declension nouns end in –ae in their genitive form (the 2nd form listed in the vocab list). • Most 1st declension nouns are feminine. aqua, aquae(feminine) :water

  9. Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: Puellapuellae, f. girl Meaning Genitive singular Gender Nominativesingular Puellae – ae=puell Noun Stem

  10. Finding noun stems • aqua, aquae (f.) • aqu- • insula, insulae (f.) • insul- • silva, silvae (f.) • silv- • via, viae (f.) • vi-

  11. In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. Write these down! (Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is Example: insularum = plural genitive

  12. Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative On your whiteboard, decline the following 2 nouns: via, viae (f.) and aqua, aquae (f.)

  13. Let’s Review! • 2ND DECLENSION: Nouns that have –i in their genitive singular are 2nd declension. • amicus, amici (m.) • vir, viri (m.) • ager, agri (m.)

  14. Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: servusservi,m. slave Meaning Genitive singular Nominativesingular Gender servi– i=serv- Noun Stem

  15. Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: ageragri,m. field Meaning Gender Nominativesingular Genitive singular agri– i=agr- Noun Stem

  16. In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun.servus, servi (m.) --- slave Case Singular Plural Nominative servusservi Genitive serviservorum Dative servoservis Accusative servum servos Ablative servo servis

  17. By following the stem rule, a word like “ager” loses its “-e” after the first form.ager, agri (m.) --- field Case Singular Plural • Nominative ager agri • Genitive agriagrorum • Dative agroagris • Accusative agrumagros • Ablative agro agris

  18. Let’s Review: Neuter Nouns • 2nd declension neuter nouns have –um in the nominative case and –iin the genitive case. • frumentum, frumenti (n.) • signum, signi (n.)

  19. Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: signumsigni,n. sign Meaning Genitive singular Gender Nominativesingular signi– i=sign- Noun Stem

  20. Neuter Rule • The nominative and accusative cases of neuter nouns always have the same endings. • The plural nominative and accusative ending of neuter nouns is always –A.

  21. Neuter Nouns have the same endings as masculine, except for 3 differences.signum, signi (n.) --- sign Case Singular Plural Nominative signumsigna Genitive signisignorum Dative signosignis Accusative signumsigna Ablative signosignis

  22. WARNING! • We’ve seen that neuter nom/acc plurals end in –a. • Remember that 1st declension singular words can end in –a, too! • If a word ends in –a and is feminine or masculine, it’s singular. • puella, casa, agricola: girl, house, farmer

  23. WARNING! • If a word ends in –a and is neuter, it’s plural. • signa, praemia, consilia: signs, rewards, plans • Look in the glossary or vocab list if you’ve forgotten the gender. • It’s not magic…it’s just a matter of looking up the gender!

  24. Singular Plural Nom. -a -ae Gen. -ae -arum Dat. -ae -is Acc. -am -as Abl. -a -is 1st Declension 2ndDeclension Masculine 2nd Declension Neuter Singular Plural Nom. -us/-er/-ir -i Gen. -i -orum Dat. -o -is Acc. -um -os Abl. -o -is Singular Plural Nom. -um -a Gen. -i -orum Dat. -o -is Acc. -um -a Abl. -o -is

  25. Decline ancilla, ancillae (f.) Singular Plural Nom. -a -ae Gen. -ae -arum Dat. -ae -is Acc. -am -as Abl. -a -is 1st Declension Decline ager, agri (m.) Decline oppidum, oppidi (n.) 2ndDeclension Masculine 2nd Declension Neuter Singular Plural Nom. -us/-er/-ir -i Gen. -i -orum Dat. -o -is Acc. -um -os Abl. -o -is Singular Plural Nom. -um -a Gen. -i -orum Dat. -o -is Acc. -um -a Abl. -o -is

  26. Name That Declension! 1st • umbra, umbrae (f.) shadow • oppidum, oppidi (n.) town • lupus, lupi (m.) wolf • luna, lunae (f.) moon • vir, viri (m.) man • nasus, nasi (m.) nose • mensa, mensae (f.) table 2nd (n.) 2nd (m.) 1st 2nd (m.) 2nd (m.) 1st

  27. Give the CASE and NUMBER for the following forms. Gen. Pl. Nom. Sg. • umbra • oppida • lupis • lunarum • vir • naso • mensa • nasorum • viri • lupum • oppidi • umbram • lunae • mensas Gen. Sg./Nom. Pl. Nom./Acc. Pl. Acc. Sg. Dat./Abl. Pl. Gen. Pl. Gen. Sg. Nom. Sg. Acc. Sg. Dat./Abl. Sg. Gen./Dat. Sg., Nom. Pl. Acc. Pl. Abl. Sg.

  28. Singular Plural Nom. curacurae Gen. curaecurarum Dat. curaecuris Acc. curamcuras Abl. curācuris 1st Declension 2ndDeclension Masculine 2nd Declension Neuter Singular Plural Nom. lorumlora Gen. lorilororum Dat. loroloris Acc. lorumlora Abl. loroloris Singular Plural Nom. lupus lupi Gen. lupiluporum Dat. lupolupis Acc. lupumlupos Abl. lupolupis

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