Evolution and Impact of Production Technology in Manufacturing Systems

1. Characterization of manufacturing (Wright, Ch1-2) • Technology • Production Technology

2. Production Technology • Manufacturing • Construction • "Processing” • Service? • Other?

3. Manufacturing = • “systems that transform materials into products in a central location (factory)” (Wright, p.25) <sic.>

4. Manufacturing = • “A series of interrelated activities and operations that involve product design, and the planning, producing, materials control, quality assurance, management, and marketing of that product” (Biekert, p.348)

5. Manufacturing = • “Building and servicing products that are not attached to a site”

6. Manufacturing systems • Systems approaches • List the subsystems of manufacturing

7. Modeling manufacturing systems • IPO; Universal Systems Model • DPUA • PTUD • Production Technology Cycle (Ritz)

8. IPO • Input --> Process --> Output • Goals • Feedback

9. DPUA • Design • Produce • Use • Assess

10. PTUD • Procurement • Transformation • Utilization • Disposition

11. Procurement (getting) • Harvesting • Extracting

12. Transformation (changing) • Separating • Combining • Conditioning • Forming • Casting and Molding • Finishing • Other

13. Utilization • by industry • by end consumer • reuse

14. Disposition (getting rid of) • Reusing • Recycling • Storage • Air • Land • Water • Space

15. "Production Technology Cycle” • Materials Formation • Extraction • Materials Processing (primary) • Transformation (secondary) • Marketing • Servicing • Recovery • (back to Materials Formation)

16. Benefits of Production Technology • Economic Growth • Employment • Meeting consumer wants • Creating a diversity of products • Product improvement • Other

17. Drawbacks of Production Technology • Material resource depletion • Energy Depletion • Pollution • Short-Life Products • Materialism (Throw-away attitudes) • Technophobia • Other

18. The goals of manufacturing • Classic, capitalistic: “To increase the profits of the company” • “To improve the well-being of humans” (Ritz, p.39) • What would be a better goal?

19. Major Stages in the Evolution of Production Systems • Household (within the home; no surplus) • Handicraft (home or shop; surplus) • Factory (centralized; mass production) • Automated (automated machinery) • Cybernetic (totally controlled by computer) • [What might the next stage be?]

20. Classification • Lot size • Individual • Batch • Continuous • Specifications • Stock • Custom

21. Manufacturing contexts • Cultural • Industrial/non-industrial • Economic • Environmental • Other

22. Manufacturing inputs: People • Legal considerations • Ethical considerations • Labor capabilities

23. Manufacturing inputs: Information • Product design • Product specifications • Regulatory information • Other

24. Other manufacturing inputs • Materials • Environment • Tools and equipment • Energy • Environmental considerations • Supply • Finance

25. Manufacturing support systems • Potential demand • Storage • Transportation • Distribution • Utilities and services

26. Manufacturing support systems • Information network • Management • Timing • Legal framework • Other

27. Manufacturing processes • Materials processing review • Energy processing review • Information processing review • Synthesis of processes

28. Manufacturing outputs • Products • Services • Energy • Information • Waste • Other

29. Impacts of manufacturing • Effect on the consumer • Culture and society • Effect on the worker • Environmental impacts • Other

30. Manufacturing Engineering (ME) • Purpose • Responsibilities • Coordination • A variety of approaches • Personnel • Training

31. ME: Principles 1 • Precision • Accuracy (stop watch exercise) • Tolerance • Contamination • Standardization and Interchangeability

32. ME: Principles 2 • Continuity • Redundancy • Synchronization • Efficiency • Flexibility • Experimentation and Testing

33. ME: Facility • Siting • Transportation • Storage • Legal • Proximity • Technical requirements • Utilities and Access • Design • Implementation

34. ME: Quality Assurance • Purpose • Total quality management • Inspection and sampling • Statistical process control

35. ME: Equipment • Tools and Machinery • Tooling • Materials Handling • Safety • Testing and Measuring • Other

36. ME: Common Types of Tooling • Jigs & fixtures • Patterns & templates • Gages • Other

37. ME: Concepts in Tooling • Registration • Accumulation of tolerances • Effects of wear and fatigue • Vectors • Chip removal • Other

38. ME: Tooling • Purpose • Design • Installation • Evaluation • Maintenance • Alternatives

39. ME: Materials Handling Engineering • Storage • Transport • Inventory • Safety

40. ME: Transport Equipment • Gravity Fed • Hoppers • Tubes and Rails • Pressurized • Pipelines • Motorized • Conveyors • Lifts • AGVs

41. ME: Inventory • Parameters • Tracking systems

42. ME: Impacts of Manufacturing on Design • Design for Manufacture • Design for Assembly • Rapid Prototyping • Near Net Shape Processing • Other

43. ME: Workstation Design • Human Requirements • Physical Needs • Anthropometrics and Limitations • Ergonomics • Worker Safety • Special needs • Social and Psychological Needs

44. ME: Maintenance Engineering • Scheduled maintenance • Unscheduled maintenance • Scheduled upgrades • Service contracts