review

1. review • Preconventional • Conventional • Postconventional • “Will others think what I am doing is right?” • “Am I considering all the angles?” • “How will this affect me?”

2. Postconventional morality and empathy • “Homo empathicus” • What do you think? • Why are we talking about this before reading the novel?

3. Identify conflicts in this passage: “You cannot stop the world from going on. My friend, I am a Christian. It is not in my heart to hate a white man. It was a white man who brought my father out of darkness. But you will pardon me if I talk frankly to you. The tragedy is not that things are broken. The tragedy is that they are not mended again. The white man has broken the tribe. […] That is why children break the law and old white people are robbed and beaten. It suited the white man to break the tribe, […] but it has not suited him to build something in the place of what is broken.” (Paton 55-56)

4. Macrocosm, contexts: Where we are literally i.e. geographically • Where is the story set? • In what part of the world? • In what country? “Where” we are figuratively, i.e. in history • What was going on in the world when the novel takes place?

7. 1400s In South Africa: In other parts of the world: 1429: Joan of Arc leads the French Army 1492: Columbus’ voyage • Zulu and Xhosa tribes establish large kingdoms in the South Africa region

8. 1600s In South Africa: In other parts of the world: 1620: the Mayflower sets sail to America • Dutch East India Co. settles at Cape Town • Dutch battle small pox, push back indigenous populations

9. 1806 In South Africa: In other parts of the world: Napoleon Bonaparte wages war in attempt to control Europe • Britain seizes and eventually annexes the Cape Colony • British decree native Africans must work for white employers, restrict travel

10. Let’s drawsome connections… • What do we know about colonialism? • Zulus fight the British on and off throughout 19th century • Brits defeat Zulus in 1879

11. The Boers and the Brits • Anglo-Africans (British) vs. Afrikaners (Dutch) • Tensions build throughout 1800s • Dutch (Boers) migrate north and east to escape British • 1899-1902 “The Boer War” • Concentration camps • “Scorched Earth” policy • High stakes: resources, (diamond and gold mining)

12. Into the 20th century… • The Union of South Africa • 1910: Banded together British colonies with Boer republics • 1913: Land Act passed, blacks prevented from buying land outside reserves • 1914: National Party founded • 1948: Cry, the Beloved Country published

13. Looking ahead “You cannot stop the world from going on. My friend, I am a Christian. It is not in my heart to hate a white man. It was a white man who brought my father out of darkness. But you will pardon me if I talk frankly to you. The tragedy is not that things are broken. The tragedy is that they are not mended again. The white man has broken then tribe. […] That is why children break the law and old white people are robbed and beaten. It suited the white man to break the tribe, […] but it has not suited him to build something in the place of what is broken.” (Paton 55-56).

14. Anticipating our reading: • Recall the different contexts we’ve discussed for Cry, the Beloved Country (historical, geographical, political) How has your reading of the passage changed? What conflicts can we identify at play in this passage?