What is a ‘balanced‘ diet ?

2. What is a ‘balanced‘ diet ? • A diet which matches the nutrient and energy requirements of an animal regardless of its life stage or lifestyle

3. What are nutrients ? • Nutrients are the components of food which have a function in ….. Starting and controlling various processes, e.g. vitamin C and immune system iron and red blood cells Providing energy Providing material for growth, repair, reproduction

4. Nutrients include ….. Minerals Fat Carbohydrate Vitamins Water Protein

5. Carbohydrate • The function of carbohydrate is ... Energy (eg for the brain, muscles) Digestive health - fibre increases dietary bulk, prevents constipation fermented to produce short chain fatty acids to feed the lining of the digestive tract but carbohydrate is not essential for cats and dogs !!

6. Protein Protein is required for ….. Tissue building and maintenance e.g. hair, skin, organs, muscle, antibodies, enzymes, hormones Regulation of metabolism e.g. insulin, thyroxin Energy

7. Protein Quality depends upon ….. Quantity of N to make new AA’s EAA profile digestibility Highest quality Contains right balance of all EAA’s Eggs & milk Meat (fish bird, mammal) Vegetable / plant Lacking in some EAA’s Lowest quality

8. Fat Source of essential fatty acids Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Skin & coat condtion Concentrated energy source Palatability Functions Insulation and protection of organs Brain and retinal development Fat soluble vitamins (A D E K) are stored in fat

9. Water • Contains hydrogen and oxygen • ESSENTIAL for normal function • Function • required for all body fluids • carrier of vitamins (C, B) • dissolves nutrients and transports them around the body • heat exchange • Source - e.g. vegetables, meat

10. Minerals • Inorganic elements (referred to collectively as Ash) • divided into macrominerals eg calcium, phosphorous microminerals (trace elements) • In excess most are toxic • Important for • bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous • body fluids, e.g. sodium and potassium • components of many enzymes

11. Vitamins • Organic compounds which help to regulate body processes • fat soluble e.g. A, D, E, K (generally stored in the body) • water soluble e.g. B, C (excess generally excreted) • Function: • eyesight - vitamin A • antioxidants - vitamin C and E • skeleton - vitamin D • metabolism - vitamin E • Sources: • cereal, fish oils, nuts, liver, fruit & vegetables

12. What about energy ? why is it so important ?

13. Thanks

16. What about energy requirement? EI<EE (lose weight) EI>EE (gain weight) Energy intake has to match energy requirement more closely than nutrients

17. Energy BUTTER Energy content of food 1 gram of protein equals 5.65kcal of energy 1 gram of fat equals 9.4kcal of energy 1 gram of carbohydrate equals 4.15kcal of energy

18. Energy Needs • Body Size • Body composition • Degree of exercise • Physiological state and • Ambient temperature

19. Designing balanced diets

20. Criteria for a complete diet in balance with energy content on the ‘plateau’ in balance with other nutrients Each nutrient is ... in a useable form

21. Protein • Adult catsneeds 4 x and dogs 2 xthe protein of an adult human Human Cat Dog • Kittens needs 10 x and puppies almost 3 x more protein than a baby Baby Kitten Puppy

22. Thanks Submitted by HarshitPandey St. johns Public School

23. If you also want to share your own or your kid’s presentation(ppt) please send it on info@makemegenius.com

24. If you also want to share your own or your kid’s presentation(ppt) please send it on info@makemegenius.com