Opener: Monday, 10/1

1. Opener: Monday, 10/1 What do you like/dislike about the Fall Festival? Why has it become so popular? In Class Today: • Ch. 15 Overview notes • Readings: Native encounters

2. Ch. 15-17 Overview

3. Ch. 15: Exploration & Conquest • Trade before Columbus -Africa: gold, slaves, legends -Middle East crucial: Silk Road -Venice and Genoa as “middle man” • Causes of Expansion -Revival of population and economy -Religious fervor -Curiosity -Technological advances

4. Columbus • Deeply religious man • Looking for direct trade route to Asia • Believed he had landed in China • Searching for gold • 2nd voyage: enslaved island of Hispaniola • Revolt occurred, he was sent back to Spain • Died never knowing truth of where he was

5. Spanish Settlement • 200,000 Spaniards came to New World in 1500’s • Established encomienda system of work • Disease, malnutrition, overwork, violence led to catastrophic drop in native population • Missionaries sent to convert natives • Labor shortage = need for new slaves • Slave trade across Atlantic emerged

6. Spain as World Power • Columbian Exchange brought goods, disease to New World and Europe • Spain brought tons of gold and silver back; inflation arose • Spain claimed nearly all land in western hemisphere in 1500’s • Grasp weakened later due to economy, rise of other powers

7. Opener: Tuesday, 10/2 Summarize the impact of Columbus’ discovery of the New World on both Europe and the New World. In Class Today: • Turn in reading q’s from yesterday • Video: Guns, Germs, and Steel

8. Opener: Wednesday, 10/3 What could be some positive effects of Europe’s global domination that began in the 1500’s? In Class Today: • Ch. 16 overview notes • Palace of Versailles *Bring textbook tomorrow for DBQ!

9. State Building • Most Europeans lived in the countryside and depended heavily on good harvests • Monarchs sought to consolidate power and expand their influence • Nobility opposed more power for monarch • Professional armies developed as nations grew • Popular uprisings were common all over (France)

10. Absolutist France • Henry IV lowered taxes on peasants and issued Edict of Nantes (religious tolerance) • Cardinal Richelieu used his position to weaken nobles and punish enemies of king • Reform of French system of rule: 32 intendants who are beholden to king • Louis XIV -The Frondeconvinced him of need for strong king -Built palace at Versailles; symbol of power -Strengthened monarchy -Revoked Edict of Nantes---unpopular

11. European Wars • Louis XIV constantly involved in conflicts • Developed a large, disciplined army loyal to him • War of the Spanish Succession: France’s power checked; Spain finished as world power • Spain’s power based on taking from New World • By 1715, Spain’s terrible economy and constant wars made them a second class power

13. Constitutionalism (1600’s) • James I asserted divine right to absolute rule • His successor, Charles I, was seen as sympathetic to Catholicism -Puritans in Parliament suspicious -Civil war occurred, Charles executed • England became a military dictatorship in 1649 under Oliver Cromwell -Attempted to enforce Puritan rule on society -Restoration: Charles II given limited power -Fears of Catholic takeover under James II -James forced out, Protestant daughter Mary in -”Glorious Revolution” guaranteed by Bill of Rights (Locke)

14. Opener: Thursday, 10/4 Read about last night’s Presidential debate and explain who seemed to have the better night and why. In Class Today: 1. DBQ #4 (Absolutism)

15. Opener: Monday, 10/8 “Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.” Evaluate this quote. Do you agree with it and why? How does it apply to our study of European monarchs? In Class Today: • Ch. 17 Overview notes • Reading: Russian life

16. Ch. 17 Overview • Return of serfdom -Early to mid-Middle Ages -After 1300, serfdom revived by lords -Peasants legally tied to land -Lords confiscated land, imposed more work • Consolidation of Serfs -Gave more power to nobility in Eastern Europe -Monarchs generally approved

17. Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) • Peace in Holy Roman Empire since Peace of Augsburg ended religious violence in 1555 • Protestant Union and Catholic League formed • War began as religious conflict, later morphed into general European war for political gain • Combatants: Protestant forces Catholic forces Protestant German states Catholic League England Spain Dutch Republic Hungary Sweden (many others) Denmark-Norway (others)

18. Holy Roman Empire, 1600

19. Results of TYW • One of the most destructive and brutal wars in European history • Land devastated: disease and starvation spread • 25% to 40% of Germany population died • Peace of Westphalia: series of treaties that ended the war • Consequences: -German states splintered, HRE weakened -Formation of modern nation-states -End of major religious wars in Europe

20. Russian Development • Mongols controlled most of Russia in 1400’s • Muscovy slowly grew from city-state to large empire • Ivan IV fought wars against Mongol rulers to obtain more land and power • Russian culture, society much different from that of rest of Europe • Large serf population, isolated from outside influences

21. Opener: Tuesday, 10/9 Why did the writer who observed the Russians’ behavior say that they were all “barbarians”? In Class Today: • Finish reading on Russian life • Ch. 17 notes (Peter the Great) • Video: Peter the Great

22. Peter the Great (1672-1725) • Part of the Romanov ruling dynasty • Sought to reform Russia to increase military might • He saw that Russia was behind rest of Europe • Westernization was priority: -Schools -Technology -Culture/habits • Increased Russia’s status into that of a great power • Paid for by taxing the serfs

24. St. Petersburg • 1702: Peter the Great began building a new city • Desolate, swampy region on Baltic coast became a new modern western city • Thousands of serfs forced to travel and work there for no pay (special tax) • Nobles forced to build homes there and fund streets, bridges, etc. • City was Peter’s dream and legacy—be proclaimed it the new capital of Russia

25. Russia

26. Opener: Wednesday, 10/10 If you were going to write a book about the life of Russian serfs under the rule of the tsars, what would you title it and why? In Class today: • Peter the Great video • Begin 2012 Election unit

27. Russian Life (Website) • Read the segments that deal with Russian Imperial, Intellectual, and Peasant life • Write/type an argument either in favor or against the following statement: Russian society was better off as a monarchy rather than a republic or other constitutional government.

28. Opener: Thursday, 10/11 On a scale of 1-10, how interested are you in the election this year and who wins? Explain your rating. In Class today: • Electoral college • Website: candidate views • Essay assignment

29. Opener: Friday, 10/12 Current events day. When you are finished, submit your last two weeks of openers on Angel. In Class Today: • Pres/VP debate highlights *Election essay due Monday

30. Opener: Monday, 10/15 Based on what you know about our political process, what is your opinion of the electoral college system? What changes would you like to see in this system and why? In Class Today: • Discuss candidate essays (due today) • Simulated electoral vote • Election results/wrap-up