Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchically under Frequent Location Updates

1. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchicallyunder Frequent Location Updates D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen, T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen TSE-Institute Telecommunications and Software Engineering Laboratory of Information Processing Science Helsinki University of Technology Finland

2. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Introduction • a need to support efficient and seamless roaming with e.g. multimedia applications • scaling mobility over the subnet boundaries • independent of link-layer techniques • real testbed, not only simulated • testing environment for further ideas

3. Mobile Node Home Network Internet HA Mobile Node Foreign Network, FA hierarchy HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Mobile Node HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Our solution • partly distributed HA functionality • ability to send registration replies • tunnel updates within the organization • private addresses may be used within the FA hierarchy CN

4. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Signaling • scales to multiple levels of hierarchy • localized registration are only sent as high in the hierarchy as needed • HA's binding lifetime updated separately (forced registration) • tear-down (session key reset) • potential race condition

5. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Security • shared secret between HA and MN • session key distribution and usage • session key used for localized registrations • HA as KDC • public key encryption or shared secret between HA and FA organization • local replay protection

6. Mobile Node Mobile Node Mobile Node HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Localized location update Home Network CN HA Internet HFA1 Foreign Network SFA FA1 FA1 FA2 WLAN FA3 FA3 FA4 FA4 FA4 FA5 FA6

7. Mobile Node HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Localized location update Home Network CN HA Internet HFA1 HFA1 SFA Foreign Network FA1 FA1 FA2 FA2 FA2 WLAN FA3 FA4 FA4 FA4 FA5 FA5 FA5 FA6

8. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Feasible scenarios • rapidly changing connection type (e.g. GPRS--WLAN) • Need for optimized location updates • vehicle connection • multi-channel environment • latency between FAs (e.g. radio links between access points)

9. CN Switch Delay host Organization 2, Foreign Network 2 HFA2 FA7 FA8 FA9 FA10 FA11 FA12 FA16 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Mobile Node HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Testbed Home Network HA Organization 1, Foreign Network 1 HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA14 FA15 IEEE 802.11 WLAN

10. Testbed CN Switch Delay host Mobile Node HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Home Network HA Organization 1, Foreign Network 1 • wireless connection between the MN and the FAs • Lucent's IEEE 802.11 compatible 2 Mbps WLAN adapters in ad hoc mode • wired connections between mobility agents • delay host to generate additional latency HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA14 FA15 IEEE 802.11 WLAN

11. Testbed CN Switch Delay host Mobile Node HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Home Network HA Organization 1, Foreign Network 1 • two foreign networks • a separate four node non-hierarchical configuration • mobile node able to roam within and between the networks HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA14 FA15 IEEE 802.11 WLAN

12. Testbed CN Switch Delay host Mobile Node HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Home Network HA Organization 1, Foreign Network 1 • HA & HFAs: Intel Pentium II and Pentium desktops • lower FAs: 486-based embedded access points (Martnodes) • MN: Intel Pentium II laptop • all nodes running Linux 2.2 kernels HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA14 FA15 IEEE 802.11 WLAN

13. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Test methods • forced location updates • handoff latency measured in the MN • data throughput measured with netperf • maximum TCP throughput and paced UDP streams (about 1.4 Mbps)

14. Organization 2 HFA2 FA7 FA8 FA9 FA10 FA11 FA12 FA16 IEEE 802.11 WLAN HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tests, Handoff times Home Network CN Switch HA Delay host Organization 1 HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA14 FA15

15. Tests, Handoff times Location update latencies for some transitions FA1 FA2 FA3 FA5 FA13 FA15 HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Home Network CN Switch HA Delay host Organization 1 HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA14 FA15

16. Tests, Handoff times FA1 FA2 FA3 FA5 FA13 FA15 HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Home Network CN Switch HA Delay host Organization 1 HFA1 FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA14 FA15

17. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tests, Handoff times Home Network CN Switch HA Delay host Organization 1 Location update latencies for some transitions HFA1 FA1 FA1 FA2 FA2 FA3 FA3 FA4 FA4 FA5 FA6 FA13 FA13 FA14 FA14 FA15

18. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tests,TCP, no latency

19. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tests, UDP, no latency

20. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tests, TCP, 100ms lat.

21. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tests, UDP, 100ms lat.

22. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Discussion • possible to extend Mobile IP to work with frequent local location updates • possible to construct deeper hierarchies • packets lost during tunnel establishment • can be optimized when soft handoff is used • performance sensitive to small changes in order of operations

23. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Conclusions • hierarchical FA network has advantages over basic RFC 2002 operations • our extensions can be useful in settings where latencies exist and fast mobility is required • possibility to use private addresses

24. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchicallyunder Frequent Location Updates D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen, T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen TSE-Institute Telecommunications and Software Engineering Laboratory of Information Processing Science Helsinki University of Technology Finland

25. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchicallyunder Frequent Location Updates D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen, T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen Email {dforsber, jtm, jkmaline, tweckstr, mikko}@cs.hut.fi WWW http://www.cs.hut.fi/Research/Dynamics/