Reconstruction 1864-1872

1. Reconstruction1864-1872

2. Define Reconstruction • Process of readmitting the former Confederate States into the Union from 1865 to 1877

3. Lincoln’s Plan1864-1865 • Also known as the 10% Plan designed to reunite the nation quickly and painlessly • Key Parts • Swear an oath of loyalty • Agree the slavery was illegal • When 10% of any stated did this they could begin forming a new government

4. Wade Davis Bill1864 • Congress believed they should control how the states return to the union and they believed Lincoln’s plan wasn’t tough enough! • Conditions • Ban slavery • Majority of adult males take a loyalty oath • Only southerners who swear they never supported the Confederacy could vote or hold office • Lincoln refused to sign

5. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan 1865-1866 • Key Points • Wealthy southerners and former Confederate officials needed a Presidential Pardon • Appointed a temporary governor for each state. • Revise state constitutions • Hold new elections • Declare secession illegal • Ratify the 13th Amendment • Refuse to pay Confederate debt • All but Texas had done this by 1865 • Congress refused to admit the newly elected representatives because most of them had served the Confederacy

6. Congress Reconstruction Plan1867-1872 • Passed the Reconstruction Acts • South is divided into 5 districts controlled by a military commander • New state constitutions written approving the 13 and 14 Amendments • African American Men got the right to vote

7. Freed African Americans during Reconstruction

8. 1. What is meant by forty acres to farm? Did it last? • Sherman started capturing plantations at the end of the war. He would divide them up to Freed African American in 40 acre parcels in return for the slavery service. • Many white southerners refused to give up land • Land would later be returned by Congress

9. 2. What was the Freedman’s Bureau? • Provided relief for freed people and poor people of the south • Focused on providing food, education and legal advice

10. 3. What are Black Codes and what was the freed slave position on them? • Limited the freedom of African Americans • Examples – strict contracts, cheap wages, poor conditions, restricted access to goods and services • Freed slaves felt like this was slavery that was continued

11. 4. Who were the Radical Republicans? • Republicans supported equal rights for African Americans • Radical Republicans saw what the south was doing with Black Codes and wanted the Federal government to force a change

12. 5. What was outlined in the 14th Amendment? • Passed in 1866 • Defined who were citizens except Native Americans • Citizens are granted equal protection • You can not deprive a citizen of life, liberty or property without due process of the law • Former Confederates can not hold office • State laws are subject to federal review • Congress can pass laws to enforce this amendment

13. 6. What was the purpose of the KKK? • They came to power to oppose the civil rights of African Americans particularly voting rights

14. 7. What were the Jim Crow Laws? • Laws that enforced segregation • Separation of Whites and African Americans • Education

15. 8. What was decided in Plessy v. Ferguson? • Separation is allowed as long as separate but equal facilities are provided

16. Reconstruction Government

17. 1. What is a carpetbagger? • Northern born Republicans who moved south after the war • They were though to be profiting from Reconstruction

18. 2. What is a scalawag? • White southern Republicans who were seen by southern Democrats as traders

19. 3. Did African Americans get elected to office? • Yes • Over 600 to state, and federal positions