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M&V Part 3: FEMP M&V Methods

M&V Part 3: FEMP M&V Methods. FEMP M&V Methods. Definition of Savings FEMP M&V Guidelines Examples & Applications. FEMP M&V Guidelines. For federal energy projects Step-by-step procedural guide Defines M&V methods by project type Current version is 2.2 (2000)

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M&V Part 3: FEMP M&V Methods

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  1. M&V Part 3: FEMP M&V Methods

  2. FEMP M&V Methods • Definition of Savings • FEMP M&V Guidelines • Examples & Applications

  3. FEMP M&V Guidelines • For federal energy projects • Step-by-step procedural guide • Defines M&V methods by project type • Current version is 2.2 (2000) • Available at http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp/, http://ateam.lbl.gov/mv/ or 1-800-DOE-EREC.

  4. What the Guidelines Cover • Agreement language. • Overview of procedures. • Different M&V approaches. • Selecting the right approach for a project.

  5. What the Guidelines Don’t Cover • Specifying an approach for a project. • Specific M&V plan for each project. • Required uncertainty levels. • Specifying how to allocate risk between ESCO and agency. • Project-specific O&M savings.

  6. FEMP M&V Compliance • Complying with the FEMP guidelines requires: • Developing an M&V plan using the defined methods. • Following the M&V plan. • The important consideration is what is in the plan.

  7. FEMP M&V Options

  8. Options A&B vs. Options C&D Options A&B are retrofit isolation methods. Options C&D are whole-facility methods. The difference is where the boundary lines are drawn.

  9. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option A • Simple approach (& low cost). • Performance parameters are measured (before & after), usage parameters may be stipulated. • Used where the ‘potential to perform’ needs to be verified but accurate savings estimation is not necessary. • Option A is NOT ‘stipulated savings’!

  10. Option A Option B Option C Option D Stipulate • To stipulate is to agree to a term or condition. • Under FEMP, to stipulate means to estimate without measurement. • A parameter is either measured or stipulated, but not both. • A measured parameter can be fixed for the contract term.

  11. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option A Applications • Projects where performance remains constant,usage can be readily characterized, and uncertainty is not a major issue. • Lighting efficiency. • Timeclock controls. • Efficient motors. • Operations & Maintenance.

  12. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option B • Under Option B, some or all parameters are measured periodically or continuously. • Applicable where accurate savings estimation is necessary and where long-term performance needs to be tracked. • Reduced uncertainty, but requires more effort.

  13. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option B Applications • Projects with large elements of uncertainty and/or risk ($$$). • Variable speed drives. • Chillers and chiller plants. • Energy management & control systems. • Projects where equipment needs constant attention.

  14. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option B Benefits • Reasons to use Option B instead of A: • “Real” M&V. • Better equipment performance. • Improved O&M. • Continuous CommissioningSM • Remote monitoring. • ‘Continuous Commissioning’ is a service mark of Texas A&M University.

  15. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option C • Option C looks at energy use and cost of entire facility, not at specific equipment. • Usually simple. • Considers weather, occupancy, etc. • Applicable where total savings need to be quantified but component-level savings do not. • Commercial software available.

  16. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option C Limitations • Does not verify at component level. • Requires savings to be significant (> 15% of baseline consumption). • Requires historical data (> 1 year). • May take time to evaluate savings. • May require baseline adjustment to account for non-project related factors.

  17. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option C Applications • Projects where facility usage remains constant and historical data is present. • Weather-dependent projects. • Heating projects. • Energy management & control systems. • Multiple interacting measures in a single building.

  18. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option D • Option D treats building as computer model. • Flexible, but requires significant effort. • Applications: • New construction. • Energy management & control systems. • Building use changes. • Building modifications.

  19. Option A Option B Option C Option D Option D Limitations • Uses very specialized software that requires significant experience to use. • Results vary with effort (and $$$) expended. • Requires measurements for calibration. • Weather-related usage often stipulated. • Still need to verify ‘potential to perform.’ • Annual inspections recommended.

  20. Option A Option B Option C Option D Examples • Option A: Lighting • Option B: Variable-Speed Drive • Option C: Heating Plant • Option D: New Construction

  21. Option A Option B Option C Option D Example Lighting Project • Consider the following lighting project: • Upgrade 5,000 fixtures • Existing performance: 86 Watts • New performance: 56 Watts • Operating hours: 3,000/year • Electricity: $0.10/kWh

  22. Option A Option B Option C Option D Method LE-A-01 / 02 • Performance • Baseline power consumption is 86 Watts. • Proposed power consumption is 56 Watts. • Difference is 30 Watts. • Usage • Baseline & New: 3,000 hours / year • Financial • Energy = $0.10/kWh

  23. Option A Option B Option C Option D Lighting Savings • E Savings = QTY * (Before - After) * Hours • ES = (5,000) * (86 W - 56 W) * (3,000 hours) * (1 kW / 1000 W) • ES = 450,000 kWh / year • Cost Savings = (Unit Cost) (Energy Savings) • Cost Savings = (450,000 kWh) * ($0.10/kWh) • Cost Savings = $45,000 / year

  24. Option A Option B Option C Option D Example VSD Project • Variable Speed Drive on HVAC Fan. • Baseline Fan: Operates continuously at a single speed and power no matter what the cooling load is. • VSD Fan: Speed andpower change with coolingload (outside temperature).

  25. Option A Option B Option C Option D VSD-B-01 • Fan Performance • Baseline fan: Constant power (140 kW). • VSD Fan: Power changes w/ weather. • Fan Usage • Fan power changes hourly with cooling load (outside temperature and sunshine). • Financial • Energy = $0.10 / kWh

  26. Option A Option B Option C Option D Monitor Fan Performance

  27. Option A Option B Option C Option D Calculate Monthly Savings E Savings = S(kWBefore - kWAfter) * (1 Hour) Cost Savings = (Unit Cost) (Energy Savings)

  28. Option A Option B Option C Option D Example Heating Project • Heating system upgrade at eastern US military base. • Baseline: Gas-fired boilers with central steam plant provide heat to buildings. • New System: Shut down steam plant. Install gas furnaces in all buildings.

  29. Option A Option B Option C Option D Heating System Characteristics • Base Performance • Baseline: low-efficiency and steam loss. • New: High efficiency, no steam loss. • Energy Usage • Driven by weather. • Financial • Gas is $0.50/therm.

  30. Option A Option B Option C Option D Compare Gas Use to Temperature

  31. Option A Option B Option C Option D Develop Baseline Model

  32. Option A Option B Option C Option D Calculate Monthly Savings Baseline, therms = 25.6 * HDD - 1,378

  33. Option A Option B Option C Option D Example New Construction • Proposed building incorporates energy-efficient design features selected by ESCO. • Baseline building is existing design before ESCO modifications.

  34. Option A Option B Option C Option D Develop Computer Model...

  35. Option A Option B Option C Option D ...And Evaluate Results

  36. Option A Option B Option C Option D Calculate Savings • Evaluate energy use for each scenario. • Calculate savings for each scenario relative to base case.

  37. Review and Discussion • Total energy use and savings are a function of both usage and savings. • Options A & B are retrofit-isolation methods. • Options C & D are whole-facility methods. • Can mix & match methods.

  38. Review Questions • What two factors determine energy savings? • How does one ‘comply’ with the FEMP Guidelines?

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