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Cloud Dynamics and Buoyancy Interactions in Convective Systems

Understand the basic equations governing vertical acceleration, mass continuity, and buoyancy in convective clouds. Explore Lagrangian models for temperature, momentum, and entrainment, as well as vorticity and pressure perturbations in three-dimensional convective cloud environments.

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Cloud Dynamics and Buoyancy Interactions in Convective Systems

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  1. Basic Convective Cloud Dynamics

  2. Basic equations for vertical acceleration, mass continuity, & buoyancy

  3. 1-D Lagrangian model Based on classic model of continuous & homogeneous entrainment

  4. 1-D Lagrangian model Temperature equation Predicts parcel temperature & buoyancy

  5. 1-D Lagrangian model Momentum equation Kessler warm cloud microphysics

  6. Entrainment Turbulent jet

  7. Entrainment Thermal 2

  8. Entrainment Starting plume

  9. Entrainment Raymond & Blyth’s Model of discontinuous, inhomogeneous entrainment

  10. Three-dimensional Vorticity Vorticity equations under Boussinesq conditions

  11. Three-dimensional Vorticity Generation of horizontal vorticity by buoyancy

  12. Three-dimensional Vorticity Stretching of vertical vorticity Horizontal convergence

  13. Three-dimensional Vorticity Tilting of horizontal vorticity into the vertical

  14. Three-dimensional Vorticity Linearize vertical vorticity equation around the basic state: At a level in the cloud where the cloud is moving with the basic state velocity:

  15. Three-dimensional Vorticity Linear process leads to vorticity couplet in an convective cloud that develops in a sheared environment

  16. Pressure Perturbation The pressure perturbation field in a convective cloud is governed by:

  17. Pressure Perturbation Pressure gradient force required by the buoyancy field Note! These are lines of force, not air motions

  18. Pressure Perturbation The pressure perturbation field in a convective cloud is governed by: When vortices form in storms, this term requires a low pressure at the center of each vortex. These low pressure centers affect the storm dynamics by producing a pressure field in the storm that is different from that produced by buoyancy alone.

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