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Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) Current and Future Requirements

Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) Current and Future Requirements. Solar Causes and Effects... Operational Requirements Improvements for GOES-R+ Program Status Other Imaging. 22 May 2001 Steve Hill. Causes and. July 15-16, 2000. Electric Power Systems. Tripping. Voltage Variations.

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Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) Current and Future Requirements

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  1. Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) Current and Future Requirements • Solar Causes and Effects... • Operational Requirements • Improvements for GOES-R+ • Program Status • Other Imaging... 22 May 2001 Steve Hill

  2. Causes and...

  3. July 15-16, 2000 Electric Power Systems Tripping Voltage Variations Transformer Damage ...Effects

  4. Current Solar Imaging Requirements • Locate coronal holes for recurring geomagnetic storm predictions • Monitor for changes indicating coronal mass ejections (CMEs) for non-recurring geomagnetic storm forecasts • Locate flares for particle events predictions, including flares beyond the west limb • Active regions beyond east limb, rotating onto the solar disk, for activity forecasts • Active region complexity for flare forecasts • Without SXI, we get only two numbers from XRS to represent solar x-ray activity.

  5. GOES R+ SXI Improvements • Increase dynamic range from 100 to 104 • Reduce temporal ‘smearing’ in wide dynamic range products • Produce single products for short-term (e.g., flare related) forecasts and mid-term (e.g., coronal hole related) forecasts • Produce frequent and consistent temperature maps • Maintain coverage with no gaps longer than 2 minutes • Avoid loss of flare location information during eclipse season • Enable dedicated product production • Double sensitivity • Improve signal to noise in coronal holes • Improve spatial sampling • Reduce pixel size to 1,800 km to properly sample optical FWHM of 5,000 km

  6. GOES SXI Image Products N/QR+ • Single-band image dynamic range (1 per min.) ~102 104-107 • Wide dynamic range (composite) image interval 5-10 1-2 min. • Effective temperature map interval 10-20 2-4 min. Simulated GOES SXI single band images: N/Q left, R+ right. (X-ray images courtesy Yohkoh SXT).

  7. Program Status • GOES-M SXI: • Ground System ready for preflight testing: 11 Jun 2001 • Launch: 12 Jul 2001 • SXI First Image: 10 Aug 2001 • GOES Post Launch Test Complete: 8 Nov 2001 • SXI and Data System Operational?: 15 Jan 2002 • GOES-N/Q Status • Engineering model delivered to Boeing • Instrument exceeds requirements, meets goals. • Launch readiness: January 2003

  8. Other Imaging Trades • Approach • Co-mount a complementary imager with SXI • Minimize impact to volumetric envelope an spacecraft interface • Nested normal incidence optics inside X-ray grazing optics? • Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging • Longer wavelength (cooler, lower in corona) imaging • Benefits: Certain transient phenomena may be better seen • Trades against existing ground-based networks • H-alpha imaging - Chromosphere imaging • He I 10,830 imaging - Coronal hole imaging • Which type of observation most benefits users? • Which type of observation best complements SXI?

  9. Summary • The current (2001) GOES SXI provides essential information on the solar atmosphere • Primary improvement is in dynamic range • Other improvements include continuity, spatial resolution, and temperature range and discrimination • Many other imaging possibilities exist to help with space weather forecasting

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