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Ch. 4- Rocks

Ch. 4- Rocks . Rock : solid mixture of crystals of 1 or more minerals. Characteristics to Classify Rocks . Composition : minerals that make up rock Texture : size, shape, and positions of the grains in rock 1. Fine grained 2. Medium grained 3. Coarse grained. Rock Cycle .

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Ch. 4- Rocks

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  1. Ch. 4- Rocks

  2. Rock: solid mixture of crystals of 1 or more minerals.

  3. Characteristics to Classify Rocks • Composition: minerals that make up rock • Texture: size, shape, and positions of the grains in rock • 1. Fine grained • 2. Medium grained • 3. Coarse grained

  4. Rock Cycle • Rock cycle is a continual process by which new rock form from old rock material.

  5. Processes that shape the surface of the earth: • Weathering • Erosion • Deposition • Uplift

  6. Sedimentary Rock • Form by process of erosion and weathering to break down other rocks into sediment which is deposited and compacted

  7. Sedimentary Rock • 3 types of sedimentary rock: • 1. Clastic Sedimentary rock- forms when rock or mineral fragments are cemented together • Classified by size of fragments they are made of • 2. Chemical Sedimentary rock: form from solutions of dissolved minerals and water • Crystallize out of solutions- EX- salt water

  8. 3. Organic- forms from remains of plants and animals that cement together • EX- limestone • Sedimentary structures include: • Ripple marks • Mud cracks • Raindrop impressions

  9. Metamorphic Rock • “meta”= change • “morphos”= shape • Structure, texture, or composition has changed. • Most common metamorphic change is caused by pressure

  10. Texture of Metamorphic Rock • Foliated metamorphic rocks- mineral crystals aligned in planes or bands • Non-foliated metamorphic rocks- not aligned crystals • Metamorphic structures are caused by deformation.

  11. 2 Types of Metamorphism • 1. Contact Metamorphism: when a rock comes on contact w/ magma or heat from magma. • Only occurs next to igneous intrusions • 2. Regional Metamorphism: enormous pressure b/w deeply buried rock or when crusts collide causing heat and the pressure to change rock.

  12. Igneous Rock • Igneous comes from the Latin word “fire” • Form when magma cools and hardens • Texture is determined by rate at which the rock cools

  13. Igneous rock that solidifies at Earth’s surface- extrusive • Igneous rock that solidifies within earth’s surface- intrusive

  14. Common shapes of intrusive igneous bodies: • Batholiths • Stocks • Sills • Dikes

  15. Classifying Igneous Rock: • 1. Felsic: • Light colored • Less dense • Rich in silicon, aluminum, sodium, potassium • 2. Mafic: • Dark colored • More dense • Rich in iron, magnesium, calcium

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