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LAB 4: ROCKS

LAB 4: ROCKS. Mountain goats in Montana's Glacier National Park may travel thousands of feet a day—vertically. This one descended a sheer rock wall to lick salt and other exposed minerals. Nutrients that aren't as available during the long winter may trigger the hankering. – National Geographic.

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LAB 4: ROCKS

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  1. LAB 4: ROCKS Mountain goats in Montana's Glacier National Park may travel thousands of feet a day—vertically. This one descended a sheer rock wall to lick salt and other exposed minerals. Nutrients that aren't as available during the long winter may trigger the hankering. – National Geographic

  2. What is a Rock? • An aggregate of minerals Review: Which mineral from Lab 3 reacted with HCl (fizzed)? If this mineral occurs in one of our rocks today, will it still react with HCl?

  3. What are the different rock types? • Igneous • A rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material (i.e. magma) • Metamorphic • Any rock derived from pre-existing rocks by mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes as a result of changes in temperature and pressure • Sedimentary • A layered rock resulting from the consolidation of sediment

  4. The Rock Cycle http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/rockcycle

  5. Igneous Rock Textures • Phaneritic • Course grained texture (>1 mm) • Formed from magma that cooled slowly and had time to crystallize usually deep under the surface • Aphanitic • Fine grained texture (<1 mm) • Cooled rapidly at or near the Earth’s surface Diorite (phaneritic) Basalt (aphanitic) http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1300/igneous_images.html

  6. Igneous Rock Compositions • Refers to the color of the minerals in the rock • Felsic • Usually light colored • Common Minerals: Quartz, Muscovite, Orthoclase • Mafic • Usually dark colored • Common Minerals: Olivine, Amphibole, Biotite • Intermediate • Combination of mafic and felsic minerals Diorite (intermediate) Rhyolite (felsic) Basalt (mafic)

  7. Igneous Rocks • Intrusive • Solidify below Earth’s surface • Extrusive • Solidify on or above Earth’s surface http://canarygeog.canaryzoo.com/Rocks%20Rocks.htm

  8. Intrusive Igneous Rocks Gabbro Diorite Granite Pegmatite

  9. Extrusive Igneous Rocks Rhyolite Basalt Pumice Scoria

  10. Metamorphic Rocks • Foliated • A planar arrangement of textural or structural features • Layered or banded in appearance • Non-foliated • Having no specific orientation of textural or structural features • Process of Metamorphism http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol111/metamorphic.htm

  11. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks Gneiss Schist Phyllite Slate

  12. Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks Marble Quartzite Amphibolite Hornfels

  13. Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rock Textures http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/gs118/Sedimentary.htm

  14. Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic • Formed from mechanical weathering debris • Chemical • Formed when dissolved materials precipitate from (crystallize out of) solution • Organic • Formed from the accumulation of plant and animal debris • Process of Formation

  15. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Breccia Conglomerate Shale Sandstone

  16. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks Limestone Rock Salt Chert Iron Ore

  17. Organic Sedimentary Rocks Limestone Coal

  18. Features of Sedimentary Rocks http://wallpapers-diq.com/wp/42__Sandstone_Striations,_Colorado_Plateau,_Utah.html https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/NDNotes/ndn9_h.htm http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/rock_cycle.html

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