Elements and Compounds

1. Elements and Compounds Lesson 2: What Are Metals?

2. San Francisco’s City Hall Dome • The dome on San Francisco’s City Hall is 307.5 feet high. This is 14 inches higher than the done of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The dome was refinished when its old finish peeled off. Gold leaf was applied over a special paint to protect it.

3. California State Standards: • 1.c) Students know metals have properties in common, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity. Some metals, such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au), are pure elements; others, such as steel and brass, are composed of a combination of elemental metals. • 1.e) Students know scientists have developed instruments that can create discrete images of atoms and molecules that show that the atoms and molecules often occur in well-ordered arrays.

4. Valuable Vocabulary • Metal- A substance that transfers heat and electricity well and is malleable.

5. Valuable Vocabulary • Nonmetal- a substance that does not transfer heat and electricity well and is not malleable. • The prefix non- means “not.”

6. Valuable Vocabulary • Malleable- easy to shape or to form. • Malleable is derived from the Latin term malleus meaning “hammer.”

7. Valuable Vocabulary • Metalloid- A substance that has some of the properties of a metal and some of the properties of a nonmetal.

8. Valuable Vocabulary • Alloy- a solid solution made by combining metals or a metal and nonmetal.

9. Metals and Nonmetals • Metals conduct heat and electricity well and are malleable whereas nonmetals do not conduct heat and electricity well.

10. Metals and Nonmetals • Imagine you are at a park on a hot, summer day. • You notice a tall, metal slide positioned next the swings. • Would you go down the slide? Why or why not?

11. Metals and Nonmetals • Some people would not go down the metal slide because it was probably too hot due to the sunlight. • A metal is a substance that is a good conductor of heat and electricity. • Metals heat up quickly, and electricity passes through them easily.

12. Metals and Nonmetals • About 75% of the elements on the periodic table are metals. • Metals are located on the left side, with the exception of hydrogen, and the middle of the periodic table.

13. Metals and Nonmetals • Hydrogen and the elements found on the right side of the periodic table are nonmetals. • Nonmetals are substances that do not have the same properties as metals. • They do not conduct heat and electricity well. Example: Plastic

14. Metals and Nonmetals • On a hot, summer day a metal slide feels much hotter than a plastic slide. • Plastic- a substance made of nonmetals- does not conduct heat or electricity very well.

15. Metals and Nonmetals • Most metals are silver or gray in color. • Some substances pretend to look like a metal. • These substances are called metallic- they reflect light and are often shiny. • Examples: Gold, silver, and new pennies.

16. Metals and Nonmetals

17. Metals and Nonmetals • Other than being good conductors of heat and electricity, metals are malleable. • They are easy to shape or form; they can be hammered or rolled into very thin sheets. • The San Francisco City Hall dome is less than one millimeter thick!

18. Metals and Nonmetals • We all use metals in our daily lives! • Gold was most likely the first metal used by humans because it does not rust and is often found in nature as a pure element. • As we learned to work with metals, other forms of technology improved as well.

19. Metals and Nonmetals

20. Show What You Know • How can you tell if a substance is a metal?

21. Show What You Know • How can you tell if a substance is a metal? • Metals conduct heat and electricity well. They are malleable and reflect light.

22. Show What You Know • Where are metals and nonmetals found on the periodic table?

23. Show What You Know • Where are metals and nonmetals found on the periodic table? • Metals are found on the left side and middle of the periodic table. Nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table.

24. Show What You Know • What does the term “malleable” mean?

25. Show What You Know • What does the term “malleable” mean? • Malleable means easy to shape or form.

26. Summary Time! • Write a summary about what you learned today. • Be sure to: • Use complete sentences • Use proper punctuation • Answer in paragraph form

27. Properties of Metals • Metals have the same properties: they conduct heat and electricity well, they are malleable, and they have melting and boiling points.

28. Properties of Metals • Think about each column in the periodic table. • What do we know about these columns?

29. Properties of Metals

30. Properties of Metals • We know that all elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar physical properties. • Each column is known as a “family.” • Like a real family, these elements are related. • For example, lithium and other metals in the first column are the most active metals.

31. Properties of Metals • Another physical property of metals include their melting and boiling points.

32. Properties of Metals • Another physical property of metals include their melting and boiling points • For example, when mercury is heated or cooled, it expands or shrinks evenly.

33. Properties of Metals • Metals are in our every day lives! • Since metals are good conductors of heat, many cooking pans are made of metal. • They have a high thermal conductivity. • The handles of pans are covered with plastic or wood because nonmetals do not conduct heat very well.

34. Properties of Metals • Another important use of metals is in electrical wiring. • On the outside of a cord of an appliance, there is rubber or plastic. • Inside the cord is a metal wire, usually copper. • Copper allows electricity to pass through easily, meaning they have high electrical conductivity.

35. Properties of Metals • The rubber or plastic on the cord of the appliance is known as an insulator. • Materials that do not conduct electricity or heat well are called insulators. • They prevent us from getting shocked!

36. Properties of Metals • Different metals have different densities. • Aluminum and titanium are less dense than others, therefore, they are very light. • These metals are often used in airplanes and other objects in which weight is important.

37. Show What You Know • Explain how the columns in the periodic table are related?

38. Show What You Know • Explain how the columns in the periodic table are related? • The columns in the periodic table have similar physical properties.

39. Show What You Know • What elements have properties similar to those of the element calcium?

40. Show What You Know • What elements have properties similar to those of the element calcium? • The elements that have similar properties to calcium are berylium, magnesium, strontium, barium, and radium.

41. Show What You Know • What properties do aluminum, iron, and copper have in common?

42. Show What You Know • What properties do aluminum, iron, and copper have in common? • Aluminum, iron, and copper all conduct heat and electricity and are malleable.

43. Show What You Know • What are some physical properties of metals?

44. Show What You Know • What are some physical properties of metals? • Some physical properties of metals are their melting and boiling points, malleability, and conductivity of heat and electricity.

45. Show What You Know • What is the material that does not conduct electricity or heat called?

46. Show What You Know • What is the material that does not conduct electricity or heat called? • The material that does not conduct electricity or heat is called an insulator.

47. Show What You Know • How do the properties of metals affect the ways they are used?

48. Show What You Know • How do the properties of metals affect the ways they are used? • Metals are used in pans because they are good conductors of heat. They are used in wires because they conduct electricity. They can be shaped in different objects. The less dense metals are used in airplanes.

49. Summary Time! • Write a summary about what you learned today. • Be sure to: • Use complete sentences • Use proper punctuation • Answer in paragraph form

50. Alloys and Metalloids • The properties needed for a particular use of an alloy determine the elements that go into it.