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Development of a compact, reliable, and high-quality signature verification device capable of verifying both static and dynamic signatures. The device has applications in money transfer, bank operations, criminalistic applications, and more.
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Development of an Autonomous,Reliable, High Quality Signature Verification Device • Institute of Graphology, Ltd. • Hexium Ltd. • Budapest Polytechnic, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Table of contents • Project goals • Participants • Preliminary results IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Signature verification – project goals • Develop a device prototype device: • Capable of verifying signatures of individuals • High precision, reliable • Compact, autonomous device • Can be used to verify both static (“off-line verification”) and dynamic (on-line) signatures IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Applications • Money transfer • Other bank operations • Bank card purchases, check redemption • Criminalistic applications • Governmental applications • Record office • Verifying signatures on contracts • Jurisdiction processes • Supporting the work of graphology experts IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Members of the consortium • Institute of Graphology, Ltd.(Dr. Tamás Agárdi) • Hexium Ltd.(Dr. Tamás Nagy) • Budapest Polytechnic John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics(Dr. László Kutor) IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Institute of Graphology, Ltd. • Activities: research, education, consulting • Topics: character analysis, vocational guidance, lie detection by graphological means, handwriting analysis, identification • Contact information:1126 Budapest, Böszörményi út 20-22. Telephone: +36 1 201-5568Tel/Fax: +36 1 201-5569, 355-8193E-mail: grafint@matavnet.hu WWW: www.grafint.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Hexium Ltd. • Activities: research, development, production (hardware, software) • Topics: security, image processing, industrial measurement and process control • Contact information:1134 Budapest, Váci út 51/bTelephone: +36 1 320-8338Telefax: +36 1 340-8072E-mail: mail@hexium.hu tamas.nagy@hexium.huWWW: www.hexium.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Budapest Polytechnic John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics • Activities: Informatics education, research, development • Topics: Signal processing, biometrics, classification • Contact information: • 1034 Budapest • Nagyszombat u. 19. • Telephone: +36 1 3684 610 • Telefax: +36 1 3689 632 • E-mai: lkutor@nik.bmf.hu • WWW: www.nik.bmf.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Project Phases • Phase 1: -March, 2002Preparation, specifications • Phase 2: -January 2003 Corpus and algorithm development • Phase 3: -March 30, 2003 Hardware, demo • Phase 4: -June 30, 2003 Demo test, documentation IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Preliminary Results • Results on dynamic (digitized) signatures • Reliable digital signature acquisition • Signature analyzing algorithms • Signature database IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Calibrated dynamic signature measurement Linearity Pressure Pen angle IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Calculated dynamic signature features Measured features: - XY coordinates - pressure - pen angle Calculated features: - signature length data - duration data - time functions Velocity-, pressure-, pen angle functions v p d t t t IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Signature database structures Development database Decision database Personal data Biometric profile Code Static sign. Dynamic sign. Calculated static feaures Calculated dynamic features IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Preliminary Results • Results on static (scanned) signatures • Corpus • Algorithms IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Corpus design, corpus properties Goal: Representativeness! • 2000 individuals • 15 min/person • 6 signatures for registration • 19 original (varying pen, size of region,..) • 6 forgeries/individual • (skilled, simple, random) • Balanced experiment design (many factors) Altogether: 40,000 signatures 15,000 pages 200 GB of disk space (compressed) IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Automatic processing • Processing of forms • Processing empty A4sheets Example IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Manual Cleaning Clean, large, high quality corpus IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Development of the Signature Verification Algorithms • Generic scheme: IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Challenges • The system must learn with a very limitedset of samples (6!).. • .. while rejectingforgeries • Solution: • Learn a good prior of signatures IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Results • False rejection rate: 5% • False acceptance rate (simple forgeries): 0.27% • False acceptance rate (skilled forgeries): 18.99% • Verification time: <0.5second/signature on a PIII 1GHz • Memory requirements: <2MB (50KB/signature) IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Detection-error tradeoff curves Skilled forgeries Simple forgeries IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Comparisions [1] Sansone & Vento: “Signature Verification: Increasing Performance by a Multi-Stage System”, Pattern Analysis & Applications (2000)3:169–181 IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK
Contact Information 1126 Budapest, Böszörményi út 20-22. Telephone: +36 1 201-5568Tel/Fax: +36 1 201-5569, 355-8193E-mail: grafint@matavnet.huEdit Tóth, project leader WWW: www.grafint.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK