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ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES

Humanities 10 : the importance of cultural universals and the struggle for equality worldwide. UNIT 4. DATE. ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES. Essential Questions (Write these on your title page!).

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ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES

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  1. Humanities 10 : the importance of cultural universals and the struggle for equality worldwide UNIT 4 DATE ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES

  2. Essential Questions (Write these on your title page!) • What must we understand before we can address the importance of cultural universals and the search for equality throughout the world? • How do the stories of a culture reflect their values and beliefs? • How do classic heroes differ from modern heroes, and what is their purpose?

  3. How does “Playing for Change” reflect all three of the following? TYPE 2 WRITING • a. cultural universal • b. cultural conflict • c. cultural tradition • 8 lines 5 minutes

  4. TYPE ONE WRITING(write the questions first) • How do you think the earliest people learned? Who taught what to whom, and how did they teach it? • 5 lines 5 minutes

  5. Storytelling Notes/Vocab P. 45 • STORY TELLING is culturally universal: • People began telling stories long before they started writing them down • Oral tradition: passing down stories told aloud from generation to generation • embellishment: how stories change over time through exaggeration • Didactic: designed to teach

  6. P. 45 Storytelling Notes/Vocab • genres (categories) of story telling • anecdote: short instructional/entertaining story about some happening, usually personal • legend: widely told story (location and culture specific) usually with some basic in truth (jersey devil, lockness monster, sasquatch) • folktale/folklore: exists only in oral tradition, story which not only reflects values and traditions, but encourages heroic/correct behavior (bloody mary) • fable: short story with animal characters that teaches a lesson or moral (tortoise and the hare) • proverbs: short sayings that express a common truth or familiar experience (don’t cry over spilled milk)

  7. genres (categories) of story telling (cont.) • MYTHS: • Originated in oral ancient tradition (many share similarities) • Entertaining story with a serious purpose (explain or instruct) • Myths focus on gods • Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature • NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.) • EPICS: • LONG NARRATIVE STORIES/POEMS ABOUT A HERO AND HIS ADVENTURES

  8. Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICS P. 47 • Characteristics of the CLASSIC HERO: • unusual birth • part god/favored by gods • extraordinary strength • kills monsters with special weapons • goes on an arduous journey - QUEST • visits the underworld • unusual death

  9. Odysseus • Classic hero of “the odyssey” rhapsode(STORYTELLER): HOMER EPIC POEM:750 AND 650 B.C.E

  10. Important characteristics of Odysseus/The Odyssey • SYMBOLIZES the journey of life and its challenges • Stresses the VALUES of: • Using one’s brain to get out of tough situations • GUILE (trickery): Odysseus escapes the cyclops • Pride (HUBRIS) as bad behavior / TRAGIC FLAW(Odysseus yells his name to the cyclops) • Rudeness as bad behavior (Circe turns men to pigs) • Making difficult decisions (Scylla and Charybdis) • Withstanding temptation (Sirens)

  11. Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICS • SUPERHERO: modeled after classic hero • TRAGIC FLAW: a flaw leading to the downfall of a hero or heroine (usually pride) • MODERN HEROES: • everyday heroes • don’t typically have a flaw in our minds • didn’t ask to be heroes • right place right time • Man Is Rescued by Stranger on Subway Tracks

  12. PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES • Symbolize the human experience • Embody the spiritual values of a culture • Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature • NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.) • Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools) • Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures • Preserve elements of culture/history • Encourage pride in culture • Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

  13. PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES • Symbolize the human experience • Embody the spiritual values of a culture • Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature • NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.) • Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools) • Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures • Preserve elements of culture/history • Encourage pride in culture • Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

  14. Vocab related to BELIEFS • RELIGION: the belief in and worship of God or gods/goddesses • DIETY/DIVINITIES: GOD/GODS • MONOTHEISTIC: ONE GOD • POLYTHEISTIC: MULTIPLE GODS • RITUAL: A TRADITION THAT INVOLVES RELIGIOUS BELIEFS • PHILOSOPHY: belief system without gods • FATE: the force that guides the outcome of one’s life • SUPERSTITION: irrational beliefs that certain things will influence outcomes • OMEN: an event regarded as a sign of good or evil

  15. PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES • ________________ the human experience • Embody the spiritual ______________ of a culture • Explain: _____________, natural phenomenon, ______________ • NATURAL PHENOMENON: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of ___________, mistakes of _____________) • Illustrate striking _________________ as well as differences between cultures • Preserve elements of _____________/history • Encourage ___________ in culture • Teach ____________ lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

  16. INEQUALITY • Types of INEQUALITY we will study: • RACIAL (color, ethnicity) • SOCIAL CLASS (based on wealth, power, education, occupation) • GENDER (men/women) • RELIGIOUS

  17. INEQUALITY VOCAB • INEQUALITY: an unfair situation, in which some groups in society have more money, opportunities, power, etc. than other • DISCRIMINATION:the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way: • RACISM: unfair treatment of people, or violence against them, because they belong to a different race • STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex, or social class

  18. INEQUALITY VOCAB • PREJUDICE: an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc. • BIAS: an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad which influences how you deal with it • ETHNOCENTRISM: evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture • MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that involves ideas from many different countries, races, or religions

  19. Martin Luther King Jr. “I Have A Dream” Speech August 28, 1963March on Washington, Washington, DC Steps of the Lincoln Memorial

  20. INEQUALITY VOCAB • INEQUALITY: an _______ situation, in which some groups in society have more __________, ______________, ____________ etc. than others • DISCRIMINATION:the practice of treating one person or group ___________ from another in an _____________ way: • RACISM: unfair _____________ of people, or ____________ against them, because they belong to a different race • STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or ___________ because they belong to a particular ________, sex, or ______________

  21. INEQUALITY VOCAB • PREJUDICE: an _____________ dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their _______, ______, _____________ etc. • BIAS: an ________ about whether a person, group, or idea is _________ or _________ which influences how you deal with it • ETHNOCENTRISM: the idea that ___________ race, ________, group etc. is better than any other • MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that includes ideas from many different __________, __________, or ______________

  22. In-Class Essay: Forrest Gump and American Culture THE FILM FORREST GUMP DEPICTS SEVERAL inequalities THAT EXIST IN AMERICAN CULTURE, FOR INSTANCE __________________, _________________ AND ___________________. THE FILM FORREST GUMP PORTRAYS SEVERAL American beliefs and values, FOR INSTANCE __________________, __________________ AND ________________________. 3. THE CHARACTER OF FOREST GUMP EXEMPLIFIES CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH THE classic hero and the modern hero IN THE SENSE THAT HE ____________________ AND ________________________. • Choose ONE of the following THESIS STATEMENTS:

  23. #4 WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS • FOLLOWHOOKSWITHBACKGROUNDTHAT PROVIDES YOUR READER WITH NECESSARY INFORMATION AND TRANSITIONS INTO YOURTHESIS • OFTEN INCLUDED IN THIS PART OF AN INTRODUCTION • Title, author, setting, dates, context, purpose, important facts, etc.

  24. #5 WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS • END INTRODUCTIONS WITH A • THESIS STATEMENT THAT • INCLUDES THE TOPICS OF EACH • BODY PARAGRAPH • TOPIC + OPINION = THESIS • “The film Forrest Gump depicts several inequalities that exist in American culture, for instance ___________, __________ and ___________.”

  25. #6 WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS • BEGIN YOUR CONCLUSION BYRESTATING YOUR THESIS IN DIFFERENT WORDS FINISH WITH A RECAP OF YOUR MAIN POINTS AND YOUR FINAL THOUGHTS

  26. #7 WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS AVOID FIRST PERSON( I )AND SECOND PERSON ( YOU ) IN YOUR ESSAYS UNLESS APPROPRIATE OR NECESSARY.

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