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Beginnings of War

Beginnings of War. Academic World History II. Trouble in the Balkans. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated.

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Beginnings of War

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  1. Beginnings of War Academic World History II

  2. Trouble in the Balkans • On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina. • Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated. • Nineteen year old Gavrilo Princip was responsible for fatally wounding them both. • Austro-Hungarian leaders held the Serbians responsible. • Germany promised to give Austria-Hungary full support in any actions they may take against Serbia.

  3. Declaration of War • Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an ultimatum. • They gave Serbia 48 hours to agree or they would declare war. • Although they wanted to avoid war, the Serbian leaders rejected the ultimatum. • This did not satisfy Austria-Hungary, and they declared war on July 28, 1914. • Both countries began to mobilize. • Mobilize – the gathering and transportation of troops and fighting equipment in preparation for war.

  4. A European War • Russia was the first to act after Austria-Hungary declared war. • Russia supported Serbia because they didn’t want to be hated by the Slavs. • Russia mobilized its forces against Austria-Hungary and Germany. • In response, Germany issued an ultimatum to Russia: cancel mobilization or face war. • Germany also sent an ultimatum to France saying they had 18 hours to decide to stay neutral or support Russia. • France decided to support Russia.

  5. A European War, cont. • Russia didn’t reply to Germany’s ultimatum. • Germany declared war on Russia and France. • The British wanted to avoid war and hoped to resolve conflict through negotiations. • They didn’t make it clear if they would support France and Russia or stay neutral. • The same day, the German Army attempted to march into Belgium, a country whose neutrality was guaranteed by treaty. • Belgium appealed to Great Britain for help.

  6. A European War, cont. • Great Britain sent an ultimatum to Germany. • They demanded a withdrawal of German troops from Belgium. • Germany refused, causing Great Britain to declare war. • Many Europeans displayed enthusiasm for the war. • They felt it was about defending their country’s honor. • Few people realized how long and devastating the war would be. • Designed to protect nations against their enemies, the alliance system dragged all of Europe into war.

  7. World War I, August 1914 Allied Powers Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium Japan, Montenegro, and Italy later join Allied Powers

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