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Civil Rights Movement. Reasons it began. Service in World War II Cold War Segregation contradicts democratic goodness Distraction in fight on communism Wrongfully accused see what it’s like to be mistreated. Integration of schools. Brown v Board of Education , 1954
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Reasons it began • Service in World War II • Cold War • Segregation contradicts democratic goodness • Distraction in fight on communism • Wrongfully accused see what it’s like to be mistreated
Integration of schools • Brown v Board of Education, 1954 • Plessy v Ferguson is reversed • NAACP case is led by Thurgood Marshall • Separate is not equal-end segregation with all “deliberate speed”
Integration of schools • Little Rock Crisis • Central High blocks nine black students • Ike sends troops to enforce integration
Transportation Integration • Montgomery Bus Boycott • Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat • Southern Christian Leadership Conference is formed • Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. chosen to lead-starts non violence
Transportation Integration • Freedom Rides • Results in Interstate Commerce Clause being used to prohibit segregation of public facilities (sit-ins desegregate restaurants)
Birmingham Riots • TV publicizes Bull Conner using dogs, fire hoses, cattle prods on protest marchers • Civil Rights Act of 1964 results • Outlaws discrimination in employment, public accommodations
March on Washington • March on Washington calling for passage of Civil Rights Act 1964 • MLK gathers 200,000 w/60,000 being white
Bloody Sunday • TV publicizes Selma protest march for voting rights being broken up w/bullwhips, tear gas, billy clubs • Results in Voting Rights Act of 1965 • No literacy tests, Fed registers voters not state
Bloody Sunday • Another legislative result is the 24th Amendment (no poll tax)
Movement changes/Violence begins • Black Power • Original purpose for black owned business, school control, black police, black politicians, pride • Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee under Stokely Carmichael wants rights by whatever means • Malcom X’s Black Muslims/Nation of Islam want total separation of races
Movement changes/Violence begins • Black Panthers • led by Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, Elridge Cleaver • militant group and pro race war
Decline of Movement • MLK and RFK are assassinated (1968) • White help rejected • Fear of violence
Decline of Movement • White backlash from busing and affirmative action • Not needed due to Achievements • Last goal met when Civil Rights Act of 1968 bans housing discrimination