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Ethnic Differences in Weight Retention After Pregnancy in Hawai`i

Ethnic Differences in Weight Retention After Pregnancy in Hawai`i. G. Baruffi, C. Hardy, C. Waslien, S. Uyehara, D. Krupitsky. Introduction. Obesity in the U.S. has become an epidemic Obesity rates have increased by nearly 60% since 1991, and by 6% between 1998 and 1999 (CDC)

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Ethnic Differences in Weight Retention After Pregnancy in Hawai`i

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  1. Ethnic Differences in Weight Retention After Pregnancy in Hawai`i G. Baruffi, C. Hardy, C. Waslien, S. Uyehara, D. Krupitsky

  2. Introduction • Obesity in the U.S. has become an epidemic • Obesity rates have increased by nearly 60% since 1991, and by 6% between 1998 and 1999 (CDC) • 50% of women 25-55 yrs of age are either overweight or obese

  3. Introduction (cont) • Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is important for optimal pregnancy outcomes • Excessive weight gain during pregnancy and retention of weight 6 months after delivery are predictors of long-term obesity

  4. Introduction (cont) • Weight gain during pregnancy and weight retention postpartum vary by: • Prepregnancy BMI • Parity, Age • Breastfeeding, Smoking, Exercise • Race/ethnicity

  5. Purpose of the study • Reported racial differences are between Black and White women • Purpose of this study: to investigate weight gain during pregnancy and weight retention postpartum in a multiethnic population of women in Hawai`i

  6. Methods • Cross sectional study of postpartum women attending the Hawai`i WIC Program in 1997-98 • Weight gain during pregnancy self reported • Weight and height at postpartum visit measured by WIC staff

  7. Methods (cont) • Ethnicity self reported • Seven ethnic groups: • Asian (Japanese, Chinese, Korean) • Black • Caucasian (White, Puerto Rican, Spanish) • Filipino • Hawaiian (Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian) • Samoan • Other

  8. Analysis • First postpartum visit • 5,863 women • Bivariate and multivariate analysis • SAS

  9. Distribution of postpartum women by ethnicity. Hawai`i WIC 1997-98

  10. Distribution of women by post partum duration and ethnicity. Hawai`i WIC 1997-98

  11. IOM recommendations for WT gain by prepregnancy BMI

  12. Distribution of women by prepregnancy BMI and WT gain. Hawai`i WIC 1997-98

  13. Prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain by ethnicity. Hawai`i WIC 1997-98

  14. Postpartum weight loss and retention by postpartum duration. Hawai`i WIC 1997-98

  15. Postpartum weight loss and retention by ethnicity. Hawai`i WIC 1997-98

  16. Multiple regression of WT retention by ethnicity. Hawai`i WIC 1997-98

  17. Conclusions • 30% of women were overweight or obese before pregnancy • Overweight and obese women had an excessive weight gain during pregnancy • Average weight retention at 5-6 months pp was 9.4 lbs, and 7.4 lbs after 8 months pp

  18. Conclusions (cont) • Overall significant ethnic differences in prepregnancy BMI • Samoan had the highest mean prepregnancy BMI (29.7) • Filipino had the lowest mean prepregnancy BMI (22.5)

  19. Conclusions (cont) • Overall significant ethnic differences in weight gain during pregnancy • Samoans had the highest mean weight gain (37.3 lbs) • Asian had the lowest mean weight gain (29.1 lbs)

  20. Conclusions (cont) • Overall significant ethnic differences in weight retention • Samoan had the largest average wt retention (17.5 lbs) • Asian had the smallest average wt retention (9.6 lbs)

  21. Conclusions (cont) • Adjusting for weight gain during pregnancy, pp duration, and age, all ethnicities, except Black and Hawaiian, retained significantly more weight than Caucasian. • Samoan retained the most (3.5 lbs) • Asian retained the least (1.1 lbs)

  22. Recommendations • For each lb of weight gained during pregnancy there was almost 2/3 lb adjusted weight retention • Importance of controlling weight gain during pregnancy • Importance of loosing weight after delivery

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