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Ethnic differences in women’s social and economic roles

Ethnic differences in women’s social and economic roles. Angela Dale and Jo Lindley, CCSR, University of Manchester Funded by The Leverhulme Trust. Overview of talk. What are the differences between ethnic groups in life-stage and family formation?

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Ethnic differences in women’s social and economic roles

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  1. Ethnic differences in women’s social and economic roles Angela Dale and Jo Lindley, CCSR, University of Manchester Funded by The Leverhulme Trust

  2. Overview of talk What are the differences between ethnic groups in life-stage and family formation? How do employment patterns differ between women from different ethnic groups? How does this vary with family responsibilities? What role do higher qualifications play?

  3. Employment by life-stage • employment patterns for white women are greatly influenced by family formation • But women from different ethnic groups • Have different patterns of family formation • Demonstrate a different relationship between family formation and employment

  4. Ethnic differences in family formation and living arrangements for women aged 19-60 • lone parenthood highest for black women and lowest for South Asian groups – increase over time amongst all groups • Black Caribbean and Black Other lone mothers most likely to be single (never married) • Pakistani and Bangladeshi lone mothers most likely to be separated • South Asian women most likely to be married with dependent children • P and B women have largest family size – but decrease over time

  5. Economic activity and employment women aged 19-60Spring QLFS, 2000-2, excl. full-time students

  6. Key points • Unemployment particularly high amongst minority ethnic women • Part-time working highest for white women • Black Caribbean women have highest levels of economic activity and highest levels of full-time working • Pakistani and Bangladeshi women have lowest levels of economic activity • How does this relate to life-stage?

  7. Economic activity by lifestage, white womenQLFS, 2000-2, women 19-60, excl. full-time students

  8. Economic activity by lifestage, Black Caribbean and Black Other womenQLFS, 2000-2, women 19-60, excl. full-time students

  9. Economic activity by lifestage, Black African womenQLFS, 2000-2, women 19-60, excl. full-time students

  10. Economic activity by lifestage, Pakistani and Bangladeshi womenQLFS, 2000-2, women 19-60, excl. full-time students

  11. Economic activity by lifestage, Indian womenQLFS, 2000-2, women 19-60, excl. full-time students

  12. Employment patterns for lone mothersQLFS, 2000-2, women 19-60, excl. full-time students

  13. Differences in other drivers of labour market participation • Timing of arrival in UK • Big ethnic variation • Increase in percentage UK born over time • Qualifications • Big increase over time • Black African women most qualified • Both influence women’s economic activity

  14. Percentage women with degree level qualificationswomen 19-60, excl.FT students

  15. Economic activity by degree level qualificationswomen 19-60, excl.FT students, 2000-2

  16. Child under 5, under 10 Negative effect greatest for white women Partner not employed Negative except for Black Caribbean/Other women Partner employed Positive for all groups by comparison with no partner Recent arrival in UK Negative effects of recent arrival greatest for Black African, Indian and Pakistani and Bangladeshi women Effect of non-UK born: greatest for P/B women Qualifications Greatest differential between no quals and degree for Pakistani and Bangladeshi women Models predicting economic activity

  17. Effect of child is not the same for all levels of qualification Women with partners: • Women with no qualifications – largest drop in economic activity with child under 5 • But greater for white women than other groups • Women with a degree level qualification – lowest drop in economic activity with a young child • But less for Pakistani and Bangladeshi women in relative terms

  18. Conclusions • Very big differences between ethnic groups • High levels of full-time working amongst Black groups despite high levels of lone parenthood • Indian women are very different from Pakistani and Bangladeshi women • The latter have highest level of family responsibility • But growing levels of well qualified women with higher levels of economic activity • High unemployment across minority ethnic groups even in 2000-2 with a buoyant labour market • Modelling essential to establish ethnic differences in labour market activity

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