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Unit 1

Unit 1. The Nature of Science . Unit 1 Learning Targets. By the end of this unit you should be able to: Discuss science and its major branches Explain and identify the steps of the scientific method Compare and contrast independent and dependent variables Understand controls and constants

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Unit 1

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  1. Unit 1 The Nature of Science

  2. Unit 1 Learning Targets • By the end of this unit you should be able to: • Discuss science and its major branches • Explain and identify the steps of the scientific method • Compare and contrast independent and dependent variables • Understand controls and constants • Identify scientific theory and scientific laws • Be able to convert between SI Units • Read, construct and analyze graphs from provided data

  3. Learning Targets, continued • Define the following: • Scientific method • Hypothesis • Experiment • Variable • Dependent variable • Independent variable • Constant • Control • Bias • Theory • Scientific law

  4. Chapter 1 Section 1 • What is Science • Using observations and investigation to gain knowledge • Major categories • Life • Earth • Physical • Science explains Nature • Science explanations help us understand our natural world • Investigations • Investigations or science experiments, help us learn more about our world

  5. Scientific Method • A step by step set of procedures scientists use to figure out questions • Steps • Problem • Always a question • Why or How • Research/Gathering Information • Learn as much about the problem as possible • Use what you have learned to write your hypothesis

  6. Hypothesis • A guess based on the background information you have about the question • A possible explanation • Generally stated • “if……….then….” OR • “I think…….because…..”

  7. Record/Analyzing your data/observations • Data = numbers • Observations = using your senses to determine what is happening • Record everything • Do not ever change you results (EVEN IF THEY ARE WRONG!!!) • Use charts, data tables, compete observations • Draw conclusions • Based on the data and observations • Determine if your hypothesis was supported or not supported • Explain possible reasons for errors • Being objective • Remove any bias by running experiment at least 3 times • Experiment MUST be repeatable

  8. Visualizing with Models • Helps people understand an idea, event or object more clearly • Scientific Theories and Laws • Theory • Explanation based on observations from many many experiments • Investigation can be reproduced with the same results time and time again!!! • Law • Explains what happens in nature and happens all the time • Don’t explain WHY it happened just that it DID

  9. Chapter 1 Section 2 • Standards of Measurement • Standard = agreed upon by everyone • Science uses International System of Units • New form of the metric system • Uses base units • Meter = length • Gram = mass • Liter = volume • Second = time • Kelvin = temperature • Mole = Amount of a substance

  10. SI Prefix • Kilo = 1,000 • Hecto = 100 • Deka = 10 • Base = 1 • Deci = .1 • Centi = .01 • Milli = .001 • Micro = .000001 • Nano = .000000001

  11. Converting between SI Units

  12. Measuring Distance • measurementbetween two points • Unit = meters • Instrument = meter stick

  13. Measuring Volume • The amount of space an object takes up • Regularly shaped objects • L x w x h • Units = cm3, m3, etc • Instrument = meter stick • Irregularly shaped objects • Water displacement • Instrument = graduated cylinder, dunk tank • Units = mL, L, etc • 1mL = 1 cm3

  14. Measuring Matter • Mass • Amount of matter in an object • Unit = grams • Instrument = triple beam balance

  15. Density • Amount of matter (mass) in a specific area (volume) • Equation = mass divided by volume • Units = g/mL or g/cm3 • Tells us if something sinks or floats • MORE than 1.0 g/mL = object sinks • LESS than 1.0 g/mL = object floats

  16. Measuring Time and Temperature • Time = interval between two events • What is Hot and What’s not • Temp = how hot or cold something is • Three scales, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin • Water freezes = 0 C and 273 K • Water boils = 100 C and 373 K • Kelvin = C + 273

  17. Chapter 1 Section 3 • A visual display • Line Graphs • Show relationships between changing variables • Independent variable goes on the X • Dependent variable goes on the Y

  18. Bar • Used for comparing information • Independent variable goes on the X • Dependent variable goes on the Y

  19. Pie graph • Shows quantity broken into parts • Often shows percentages

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