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11.18 Bell Ringer

11.18 Bell Ringer. In your new notebook, write STAND on the 1 st page. Your name should also be on the cover of your notebook! S: Science T: Ms Hilgefort A: Geology Notebook N: Name D: 2 nd 9 weeks If you need to purchase a new notebook, you can buy one for $1. 11.18 Bell Ringer.

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11.18 Bell Ringer

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  1. 11.18 Bell Ringer • In your new notebook, write STAND on the 1st page. Your name should also be on the cover of your notebook! • S: Science • T: MsHilgefort • A: Geology Notebook • N: Name • D: 2nd 9 weeks • If you need to purchase a new notebook, you can buy one for $1

  2. 11.18 Bell Ringer • Label next 2 pages “Mineral Warm-Ups” • Decide if the following statements are true. If not, correct them. (Take your best guess!) • 1. Water and Ice are minerals. • 2. Minerals can be found in rocks. • 3. Minerals exist as liquid, gas, and solid.

  3. Minerals and Rocks

  4. Mineral Properties Cornell Notes

  5. Rock The material that forms the Earth’s hard surface

  6. Mineral A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure

  7. Minerals • Minerals make-up rocks. • They are the building blocks of rocks!

  8. What is a mineral? Properties: • Solid • Cannot be a liquid or a gas • Naturally Occurring • Found in nature, not man-made • Inorganic • Is not alive and never was, non-living • Fixed composition • Has a chemical formula, most are formed from compounds of two or more elements, some minerals consist of one element ex. Au • Crystal Form • A definite structure in which atoms are arranged

  9. Inorganic Inorganic: NOT formed from living things or the remains of living things Organic material: Material that comes from living or once-living things

  10. ORGANIC! Fruits are grown on trees and are alive until picked!

  11. ORGANIC. Horses are alive, breathing and active.

  12. INORGANIC. Rocks are not alive and never were!

  13. Formed in Nature • Formed by natural processes (Is not manufactured). • Is glass a mineral? • Is a diamond a mineral?

  14. Formed in Nature • Granite- forms when molten rock cools • Talc (used to make baby powder)- forms from high pressure and heat in the earth • Halite- forms when water evaporates in hot, shallow parts of the ocean (leaving behind the salt it contained).

  15. Solid • Has definite volume and shape. • Volume=amount of space an object takes up. • Basketball vs. Golf ball • Is water a mineral? • Is ice a mineral?

  16. Definite (the same) Chemical Composition • Each mineral contains a specific combination (mixture) of atoms of certain elements. • Element=A substance that contains (has) one type of atom. • Has same chemical make up no matter where you break it. .

  17. Crystal Structure • Atoms are joined in a repeating, 3-D pattern • Each mineral has it’s own crystal structure • Diamond and graphite have same chemical makeup (carbon) but different crystal structures

  18. Crystal Structure • Some are visible (you can see crystal structure) • Diamonds and quartz • Some you need a microscope to see crystals • 7 groups of structures named by shapes and angles formed by imaginary lines through the center

  19. Is It a Mineral? Classification Number #1-13. Write the word and classify each picture as “mineral (M)” or “non-mineral (NM).” If non-mineral, write the property that the object does not meet. Example: Plastic- NM- Naturally made/ Sulfur- M

  20. Wood

  21. Gold

  22. Fossil

  23. Topaz

  24. Bones

  25. Granite

  26. Quartz

  27. Pearls

  28. Talc

  29. Icebergs

  30. Diamond

  31. Coal

  32. Rock Salt

  33. And the answers are… • Minerals • Gold (2) • Topaz (4) • Quartz (7) • Talc (9) • Iceberg* (10) • Diamonds (11) • Non-Minerals • Wood - Inorganic (1) • Fossils – Inorganic (3) • Bone - Inorganic (5) • Granite – Definite chemical composition (6) • Pearls – Inorganic (8) • Coal - Inorganic (12) • Rock Salt – Definite chemical composition (13) According to IMA – ice is listed as a mineral

  34. 11.19 Bell Ringer • A spelunker finds a crystal of a pink substance inside a cave. What 5 properties must this substance meet in order to be considered a mineral? • Naturally Occurring • Inorganic • Solid • Definite Chemical Composition • Crystal Structure

  35. Look at the following minerals. Which do you think are the same types of minerals and which do you think are different?

  36. These are all the same type of mineral! They are examples of quartz!!

  37. Why Is It So Difficult to Identify Minerals? • There are over 3000 types of minerals in the Earth’s crust • As you could see with the quartz, often times even the same kind of minerals can look very different • Therefore, geologists (scientists who study minerals and rocks) often use several different tests to determine type of a mineral they have found!

  38. K.I.M: Mineral Identification

  39. Color • Color is one of the least reliable tests because a mineral will not always be the same color. • The color of a mineral is often caused by tiny amounts of other elements or compounds inside • For example, what people call amethyst is actually just quartz with iron in it!

  40. Streak • When a mineral is rubbed against a tile, it will leave behind a powdered streak on the tile (colorless, white, etc.) • Sometimes a mineral’s streak does not match the mineral’s external color • For example, one way to tell the difference between pyrite (Fool’s gold) and real gold is by streak. Pyrite leaves a greenish-black streak while real gold leaves a yellow streak.

  41. Luster The way a mineral shines (metallic, glassy, chalky, silky, pearly) • Metallic - Looks like metal or appears to have metal flakes • Glassy or vitreous - Shines like glass • Earthy or chalky - Dull; does not reflect much light • Waxy, silky, or pearly - Has a muted shine; may resemble shells or pearls Metallic Luster

  42. Hardness • A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched • Minerals can only be scratched by other minerals that have the same hardness or are harder This gray mineral is bring scratched by the clear/white mineral; therefore, the clear/white mineral is harder than the gray mineral

  43. Mohsscale • Scale used to rate how hard a mineral is (1=softest-Talc, 10=hardest- Diamond). • Fingernail- 2 • Steel file-6.5

  44. Cleavage • Minerals that break along smoother flat planes are said to have cleavage.

  45. Fracture • Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges are said to have fracture

  46. Some Other Special Properties • Some minerals have unique properties • For example, Iceland spar can create double images • Calcite reacts with hydrochloric acid and releases carbon dioxide (bubbles) • Fluorescence property- glow when they are exposed to ultraviolet light

  47. 11.20 Bell Ringer • Suppose you find a yellow piece of metal in a stream. How could you tell if it is real gold? • In the city a street peddler offers to sell you a diamond ring for thirty bucks. How could you test if the rock in the ring is a real diamond?

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