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ICTs to Reduce Energy Consumption & GHG Emissions Cairo, 2010-11-02

ICTs to Reduce Energy Consumption & GHG Emissions Cairo, 2010-11-02. Richard Labelle ( rlab@sympatico.ca ), Consultant, ITU Sam Gouda, Creara International, Consultant, ITU ( sgouda@crearaintl.com ). Outline role of ICTs in reducing energy consumption & limiting GHG emissions

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ICTs to Reduce Energy Consumption & GHG Emissions Cairo, 2010-11-02

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  1. ICTs to Reduce Energy Consumption & GHG EmissionsCairo, 2010-11-02 Richard Labelle (rlab@sympatico.ca), Consultant, ITU Sam Gouda, Creara International, Consultant, ITU (sgouda@crearaintl.com)

  2. Outline role of ICTs in reducing energy consumption & limiting GHG emissions Opportunities for using ICTs for this in Egypt in the built environment: Identify the role of ICT in EE & GHG reduction in Egypt (rapid assessment) Study applicable & viable EE measures in buildings (analyze 2 buildings) Assess role of ICTs for smart grid and DSM in Egypt OBJECTIVES

  3. Most energy comes from fossil fuels: coal & oil Pollution & GHG emissions Subsidized in Egypt & in many non OECD countries Subject to C tax? Investors are wary! Energy demand could outstrip fossil fuel production We use ~ 3 CMO/yr in 2010  ~ 9 CMO by 2050 if BAU If BAU (i.e. 2.6%/yr): E use in next 50 years = 3 x E use in past 150 yrs If eco scenario (grow & green): E use in next 50 yrs = 2 x E use in all of 20th Century EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM Crane, H.D., E. M. Kinderman & R. Malhotra. 2010. A cubic mile of oil. Realities and options for averting the looming global energy crisis. Oxford University Press, New York, 297 pp.

  4. Rising CO2 levels: global tipping point If > 2 % warming  Possible irreversible change! Melting of Greenland ice sheet Large scale weather system shifts Collapse of global current system Release of natural GHG stores (CH4, etc.) Only technologies with sufficient capacity for lasting increases in E supply Solar (thermal) & wind Nuclear Both will take several years to ramp up to meet present demand, let alone future demand (See Cubic mile of oil) EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM

  5. Can we catch up with the increased demand? The Challenges POWER AVALABILITY Power Availability

  6. How much blackouts are you personally willing to take? What effect lack of electric power will have on economic development? Example from experience in another country History lessons learnt from Egypt The Challenges POWER AVALABILITY Power Availability Technical Idea: Sam Gouda & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo

  7. Energy efficiency Needed everywhere Energy conservation For industrialized countries now For developing countries via tech transfer / IDA Pricing carbon Cleantech R&D USD 162 B in 2009 to USD 200 B in 2010 A global Green Growth Marshall Plan Agreement on plan & funding at COP16, COP17, etc. GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

  8. ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY IMPORTANT? Segar, C. 2009. International energy co-operation and global energy security. International Energy Agency (IEA). Session on “Ensuring the sustainability of energy supply chain”, Conference on Strengthening Energy Security in the OSCE area, Bratislava, 6 – 7 July 2009.. PowerPoint presentation. http://www.osce.org/documents/eea/2009/07/38666_en.pdf

  9. ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY MAKES SENCE? Technical Idea: Eman Mandour & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo

  10. The Challenges BACKGROUND GHG Emissions • Electricity Generation is the Largest contributor of GHG emissions - 33% • Transportation is second 27.2% • Industry is Third 27% Source: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/egync2.pdf

  11. ICTs can have the greatest impact : Energy generation, transmission/distribution and use: Smart grids – integrate alternative E; Efficient On the use side: in controlling variable rate motors (smart motor systems) Smart buildings, smart industrial processes Smart logistics & transportation Dematerialization Smart cities: bringing it all together in a sustainable human ecosystem 40 % of energy consumption comes from buildings (commercial & residential) HVAC & lighting 75 % of the people live in cities ICT – GREATEST IMPACT

  12. National Information Society Agency, Korea.

  13. THE ROLE OF ICT Take DSM Further Smart Grid Applications Smart Grid Applications • Applying sensing, measurement and control devices with two-way communications to electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption • Link grid condition to system users, making it possible to dynamically respond to changes in grid condition. • Includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track of all electricity flowing in the system • Capability of integrating renewable electricity such as solar and wind 13

  14. What Does a Smart Grid Do? Three Categories Delivery Optimization THE ROLE OF ICT Improve the efficiency and reliability of the delivery systems. Empower the end consumer to reduce consumption Manage the evolving demand and supply equation along the distribution feeder Demand Optimization Asset Optimization Application monitoring and diagnostic technologies to help manage the health, extend the useful life and to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure of electrical infrastructure. 14

  15. SMART GRID MODEL …http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/segis.html

  16. Reliability Security against (cyber) attacks / disasters Ease of repair (remote repair) Increased info to consumers about E use Increased E efficiency Integration of alternative energy resources Integration of plug-in vehicles Reduction of peak demand (demand side management) Lower capital costs than alternative energy Significant ROI: according to EIA SMART GRID BENIFITS

  17. Key technologies for the smart grid

  18. SMART GRID – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT From GeSi Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.

  19. SMART GRID – CO2 REDUCTION POTENTIAL From GeSi Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.

  20. Potential Solutions – Energy Efficiency Scope of energy efficiency: examples Buildings Technical Measures • Lighting retrofit – T8, T5, Electronic Ballasts, LED technology • Lighting Controls – Timers and occupancy controls • Day Lighting • Lighting Reconfiguration • Reduce Run Time of Major HVAC equipment • Demand Controlled Ventilation • Enthalpy Economizer • Chilled / Condenser Water Reset • Convert CAV Air Handling System to VAV • Occupancy Sensor Control of HVAC • Replacement with High Efficiency Units • Variable Flow Pumping • Energy-Efficient Motors • Motor Variable Speed Drives • Equipment Sequencing • Proper sizing • Cogeneration Behavioral Measures 20

  21. BIM: for building design Reduce energy consumption by making best use of environmental inputs: solar energy capture, passive heating, micro climate, wind, micro hydro, etc. Efficient construction workflow New buildings & retrofits Select materials based on cost, env. impact, insulating / radiative qualities, etc. The USA GSA requires BIM as a necessary step in designing buildings with energy and sustainability one of the key design considerations Building designers and architects are supportive SMART BUILDINGS – TRENDS

  22. Anyone there? Library? Technology? Fixtures? LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!!

  23. Lighting Retrofit – Use of electronic Ballasts – 20% -30% LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!! • Lighting Demand based control -10% • Occupancy • Daylight Dimming

  24. BMS FOR HVAC? HVAC – Energy Efficiency LIVE!! • Alarm? Ventilation Demand based control CO2 sensors Fan coil units occupancy control • CONTROL CENTRAL CHILLER PLANT

  25. The nature of activity that powers the economy Will rural dwellers benefit? BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES • Lack of awareness • Lack of knowledge • Lack of standards • Energy subsidies • Cost • May lead to increase in GHG emissions initially

  26. Confused? THANK YOU Ask Questions Please

  27. Share of different sectors in total anthropogenic GHG emissions (CO2-eq) IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report.

  28. BACKGROUND Background and problem definition • Energy consumption increased from 35.3 Metric Ton of Oil Equivalent (mtoe) in 1995 to 69 mtoe in 2007 • In 2020 Energy consumptionis projected to be 130 mtoe – Almost double AGAIN !!!! • Electricity generation – Mostly generated from fossil fuels - High Dam less than 10% • Blackouts in summer – remember how Blackouts affected you during the holy month of Ramadan early this year • GHG emissions increased from 84 tons of CO2 in 1995 to 160 tons of CO2 in 2007 • Weather data collected for the period 1961- 2000 indicate a general trend towards: • warming of the air temperature, • increases in the number of hazy days and misty days, turbidity of the atmosphere, frequency of sand storms and hot days 28

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