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Chapter 14 – The Height of Imperialism. Section 1 – Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia. Chapter 14 Outline. All about colonies and imperialism by Europe to 4 different places Section 1: Southeast Asia Section 2: Africa Section 3: India Section 4: Latin America. Key Terms.
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Chapter 14 – The Height of Imperialism Section 1 – Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia
Chapter 14 Outline • All about colonies and imperialism by Europe to 4 different places • Section 1: Southeast Asia • Section 2: Africa • Section 3: India • Section 4: Latin America
Key Terms • Imperialism – The extension of a nation’s power over other lands • Protectorate – A political unit that depends on another govt. for its protection • Indirect rule – Colonial govt. in which local rulers are allowed to maintain power/status • Direct rule – Colonial govt. in which local elites are removed from power & replaced by people from the mother country
The New Imperialism • Started in 1800s • WHY start expanding to Southeast Asia (SEA)? • 2 reasons – raw goods and markets • Raw goods = rubber, oil, tin, etc. • Markets = people to sell manufactured goods to • New way to build empires = abroad • A new version of a very old idea • A race for power in Europe • How would Social Darwinism/Racism play in? • A hidden 3rd reason – religion/humanitarianism
Colonial Takeover in S.E.A. • Gradualness (something we can learn from today!) • GB • 1: Base on Singapore for steamships going to China • 2: Burma (Myanmar) as a buffer for India • France • 1: Missionaries to Vietnam, which becomes a French protectorate • 2: 1880s, Laos, Tonkin, Annam, & Cambodia
The U.S.A. • Spanish-American War • President: William McKinley – turns Spanish Philippines into U.S. colony • Emilio Aguinaldo led independence movement, but lost • 125 years later…here we were… • Had we learned nothing from England???
Types of Colonial Regimes in S.E.A. • Indirect rule: Convenient & cheap, but impossible when locals refused to accept colonial rule • Direct rule: more tyrannical, but sometimes necessary
Colonial Economies • Remember: markets and raw goods • Export-based economies • Plantations with locals as slaves with high taxes from mother country (USA under England example)
The Exception - Thailand • Siam = only free state in S.E.A. • Thanks to King Mongkut and his son, King Chulalongkorn • Appeased West, so never taken over
Resistance to Colonial Rule • Peasant revolts (remember Aguinaldo??) • Nationalism • All in all, it was the SAMEOLDSTORY! • Different place, different time, same problems • This is a persistent issue in history