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Prejudice: Disliking others

Getting to know someone. Pair up with someone you do not know wellWithout talking, answer:What type of music does this person like?What color of car does this person drive?Where does this person live in the dorm, with a roommate, alone, with parents, somewhere else?. How can expectations of

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Prejudice: Disliking others

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    1. Prejudice: Disliking others Chapter 9

    2. Getting to know someone Pair up with someone you do not know well Without talking, answer: What type of music does this person like? What color of car does this person drive? Where does this person live – in the dorm, with a roommate, alone, with parents, somewhere else?

    3. How can expectations of people matter? Pull out a sheet of paper If your social security number ends in an even number, write on it: “High achiever” If your social security number ends in an odd number, write on it: “Low achiever” Fold up the paper, and exchange it with a neighbor Do not look at the paper you have Pair up with someone and show them your paper – being sure not to look at yourself One person pretends to be a guidance counselor, and the other pretends to be a student Switch roles

    4. Some Definitions Prejudice: “A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members” Stereotype: “A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people” Discrimination: “Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members”

    5. Applying the definitions Which applied to the class exercises? What are common stereotypes of different groups? Are there groups that do no have stereotypes?

    6. Why are there stereotypes? Cognitive reasons Motivational reasons Group-serving bias Insecurity reasons Mortality salience Realistic group conflict theory

    7. When do we rely more on stereotypes? Pressed for time Tired Ambiguous information

    8. Possible consequences

    9. Other possible consequences How might stereotypes play a role in memory? Jewelry store robbery – business man or bum

    10. Person-level differences Personality is related to levels of stereotypes and prejudice: Social dominance orientation: “a motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups” Authoritarian personality: “disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status” Ethnocentric: “believing in the superiority of one’s own ethnic and cultural group”

    11. Prejudice = Discriminatory behavior? Do people with prejudicial views engage in discrimination? In other words, do attitudes and behaviors match? When do they match? LaPiere’s study Attributional ambiguity – wheelchair and movie study Necessary role of self-control

    12. Change over time? Has the expression of racism changed over time? Old fashioned versus modern racism

    13. Societal messages and stereotypes A father and son are in a car accident. The father dies instantly. The boy, in critical condition, is rushed to the nearest hospital for emergency surgery. The surgeon looks at the child aghast and says, "I can't operate on him! He's my own son!“ How can that be?

    14. Societal messages and stereotypes “flesh color” according to Crayola until 1960s:

    15. Societal messages and stereotypes Society presents implicit messages of norms (e.g., “flesh” colored crayon) How are these presented? What are some norms that are presented? Society pays more attention to some things than others E.g., Obama’s ethnic background vs. Bush’s ethnic background How might this help foster prejudice?

    16. Bottom line so far Stereotypes are due, in part, to: Human nature of categorizing people Implicit societal messages Motivation and group-serving bias Stereotypes and prejudice may or may not be related to discrimination

    17. Being the target of stereotypes Stigma consciousness: “a person’s expectations of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination” How might this impact your behavior? What if you want to show people they’re wrong? Stereotype threat: “a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype” What to do?

    18. How to overcome stereotypes? What if you encounter one person whose behavior goes against your stereotype? Is this enough to change your stereotype? Why or why not? Subtyping: “accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by thinking of them as ‘exceptions to the rule’” Subgrouping: “accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group”

    19. How much of a role do stereotypes and prejudice play? May be most important when evaluating a group as a whole People are less likely to rely on stereotypes when evaluating one individual person than when evaluating a group as a whole

    20. Race and stereotypes What is race? Over time, as there are more multi-ethnic people, will stereotypes go away?

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