Exploring Cultural Traits in Landscape: A Study on Assimilation, Acculturation, and Environmental Determinism

1. Culture What traits do you see?

2. Culture What traits do you see?

3. Culture What traits do you see?

4. Culture What traits do you see?

5. Culture What traits do you see?

6. Culture What traits do you see?

7. Cultural Vocabulary • Cultural Landscape • Cultural Hearth • Assimilation • Acculturation • Transculturation • Environmental Determinism • Possibilism • Cultural Diffusion • Sequent Occupance

8. Cultural Landscape • combined work of nature and man • Culture traits that you can see

9. Cultural Landscape • combined work of nature and man

10. Cultural Landscape • Which of the following is NOT a part of the cultural landscape of any area? • Burial sites • Houses of worship • Unemployment rates • Factories • Educational institutions

11. Cultural Landscape • With your partner discuss ten possible elements of cultural landscape.

12. Cultural Landscape • With your partner discuss ten possible elements of cultural landscape. • Now discuss ten cultural traits that do not affect the cultural landscape.

13. Cultural Hearths • Culture began in the hearths. • examples

14. Cultural Hearths • Culture (and thus the landscape) began in hearths. • Major Cultural Hearths • Nile • Indus • Huang Ho • Ganges • Mesopotamia • Mesoamerica • Andes • West Africa

15. Cultural Hearths • What did they have in common?

16. Cultural Hearths • What did they have in common? • Fresh water (rivers) • Climate • Ag surplus • Cultural advancements

17. Cultural Hearths • Culture began in the hearths. • Some are better examples than others • Some left a footprint on the landscape more than others • Examples of hearths that left a footprint on the landscape • Examples that did not

18. Cultural Hearths • Modern Cultural Hearths • Advancement • Leadership • London • Tokyo • New York • Shanghai

19. Cultural Hearths • Modern Cultural Hearths • Advancement • Leadership • London • Tokyo • New York • Shanghai

20. Assimilation • minority group adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture • Irish migration • German migration • Italian migration

21. Acculturation • Merging of cultures • African migration • Asian migration • Latin migration Shared traits proportional to population Shared but distinguishable

22. Transculturation • Ortiz (Cuba) • Uprooting and replacement of one culture for another. (neoculturization) • Europeans domination of Native Americans • Failed in Cuba that led to acculturation

23. Culture of the United States With your partner make a list of examples to illustrate how the United States has experienced assimilation, acculturation, and transculturation in reference to: language religion music

24. Cultural Diffusion • Diffusion = spread or transport • Cultural Diffusion = spread of traits

25. Cultural Diffusion • Diffusion = spread or transport • Cultural Diffusion = spread of traits • Contagious • Hierarchical • Migrant

26. Contagious Diffusion • Examples • Are they absolute examples? • Distance decay • Barriers (examples)

27. Migrant Diffusion • Idea or trait begins in one place, then moves to another without a lasting impact from where it departed. • example

28. Hierarchical Diffusion • Hierarchy-order • Top to bottom • Basic to advanced • From large to small

29. What kind of diffusion? • Bell bottom pants • Mexican restaurants • Rap music • Large loop earrings • Internet

30. Sequent Occupance • Result of diffusion of multiple ideas or uses on the cultural landscape • Movie theater • Church • Offices Examples

31. Diffusion • Think back to the examples of assimilation, acculturation and transculturation of language, religion and music in the United States.

32. Diffusion • Think back to the examples of assimilation, acculturation and transculturation of language, religion and music in the United States. • How did the diffusion of each take place?

33. Limitations?? Environmental Determinism Vs Possiblism

34. Environmental Determinism • Huntington, Borrows, etc. • Environment determines behavior • Far north, harsh, hard working, not very smart. • Warmer equatorial climate, lazy, no hurry, apathetic • Temperate, leaders, good balance

35. Environmental Determinism • Late 1800’s early 1900’s • Ratzel, Semple, some thought Darwin

36. Environmental Determinism • Late 1800’s early 1900’s • Ratzel, Semple, • Led to racism, Nazism, imperialism • Opposition in early 1900’s

37. Possiblism • Sahlins, Sauer • Counter determinism • Examples

38. Possiblism • Sahlins, Sauer • Counter determinism • Examples

39. Possiblism • Sahlins, Sauer • Counter determinism • Examples

40. Possiblism • Sahlins, Sauer • Counter determinism • Examples

41. Possiblism • Sahlins, Sauer • Counter determinism • Examples

42. Organic Theory • Ratzel • States are like living organisms

43. Organic Theory • Ratzel • States are like living organisms • They live, they grow, they will get larger and stronger…. And….

44. Organic Theory • Ratzel • States are like living organisms • They live, they grow, they will get larger and stronger…. And…. They die

45. Organic Theory • Ratzel • States are like living organisms • They live, they grow, they will get larger and stronger…. And…. Give examples

46. FRQ #2 2002 • With reference to each of the following, explain how religion has formed the cultural landscape. Support each explanation with one specific example. • A. Sacred sites • B. Burial practices/sites • C. Architecture • D. Place names

47. Continuation of Concepts • Diffusion • Agriculture • Technology • Governments • Fashion

48. Continuation of Concepts • Culture • Religion • Language • Agriculture • Urban areas

49. Last question • What cultural landscape has had the largest effect on the earth?