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General motors. Module 7 : Valuation Using Residual Enterprise Income. Enterprise operations. General Motors. Client Strategy Template: GM . Strategies.
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General motors Module 7: Valuation Using Residual Enterprise Income
Enterprise operations General Motors
Client Strategy Template: GM Strategies Growth Strategy:Focus on “alternative propulsion strategies” (hybrid, electric, FlexFuel, hydrogen fuel cell) in an attempt to create environmental diversity and fuel efficiency throughout product line Financial Goals & Operating Priorities:Aim to be the industry leader in fuel efficiency, pursue top market share in both domestic and global market Characteristics of the Business Major Business Units: GMNA, GME, GMIO, GMSA, GM Financial Markets: Automotive assembly and manufacturing, financial services (leases, contracts), automotive safety technology Products: Chevrolet, GMC, Buick, Cadillac, OnStar technology, GM Financial services Customers: Auto wholesalers, Rental car agencies, Authorized dealerships Competitors:Toyota, Ford, Nissan Strategic Alliances/Joint Ventures: Mostly concentrated in China Potential Adverse Influences: Constant technology innovation, oil prices, raw material prices, government regulation, dependence on suppliers, product recalls (safety issues)
Markets & products • Auto brands • Chevrolet • GMC • Buick • Cadillac • OnStar (wholly owned sub) • GM Financial • Formerly AmeriCredit Corp • Strategic Alliances • Concentrated in China • JV with SAIC Motor
Parsimonious Forecasting General Motors
Break down RNEA Enterprise Profit Margin (EPM) Enterprise Asset Turnover (EATO) Measure of profitability: How much operating profit does the firm earn from each sales dollar? Measure of efficiency: What level of sales does the firm realize from each dollar invested in enterprise assets?
Valuation using cash flows • FCF = EPAT - ∆NEA • Discount rate 10% • Enterprise Value = 100,629
Cost of capital & valuation General Motors
“Government motors” • June 2009: filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy • July 2009: emerged from bankruptcy with ownership split between: • US Federal Government • United Auto Workers Association • Canadian Government • GM bondholders • November 2010: GM shares returned to the NYSE at $33 per share
Cost of enterprise capital • rEnt = (rD * VD/VEnt) + (rEq * VEq/VEnt) • For GM: • VD = (5,419) NFL • VEq = 52,482 Market cap • Implied VEnt = 47,063 • Calculated WACC = 13.83%
Valuing GM • Estimate of Enterprise Cost of Capital = 10.1% • Enterprise Value = 99,264
Residual enterprise income General Motors
REI Model • Assumptions remain the same: • 2.7% sales growth • 5.7% EPM • 6.5 EATO • WACC = 10.1%
DCF Check • Same enterprise value
Module 8 Practice Problem • Depreciation = 1800 • Value = 7974
Module 8 Practice Problem • Depreciation = 2400 • Value = 7974