Medieval Period

1. SOCIAL SCIENCE III Medieval Period

2. COURSE OUTLINE FOR THE 3RD QTR (SOCIAL SCIENCE III) • MIDDLE AGES • FEUDALISM • CHIVALRY • THE CHURCH as a powerful institution • REFORMS AND CRUSADES • THE RENAISSANCE • THE REFORMATION • INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION *

3. PROJECTS • CAF SEGREGATION PROJECT, as usual. • A surprise project which will be formally introduced in class after the long break.

6. MIDDLE AGES • Middle Ages • Franks • Monastery • Secular • Carolingian Dynasty • Charlemage • Lord • Fief • Vassal • Knight • Serf • Manor • Tithe • Chivalry • Tournament • troubadour

7. MEDIEVAL EUROPE • This period of history in Europe succeeded the fall of the great Roman Empire. • Medieval Europe – new institutions emerged to replace those of the fallen Roman Empire. • They were fragmented unlike the civilizations in China and Southwest Asia.

9. GERMANIC FORCES ATTACK ROMAN EMPIRE ROMAN EMPIRE

10. GERMANIC TRIBES BROUGHT WITH THEM DECLINE OF LEARNING Germanic invaders: NO READ, NO WRITE. LOSS OF A COMMON LANGUAGE Latin began to be fragmented FRENCH SPANISH Other Roman based languages • DISRUPTION OF TRADE • Business collapsed as a result of recurring invasions. • DOWNFALL OF CITIES • Romans abandoned cities as centers of administration. • POPULATION SHIFTS • From city to countryside (URBAN to RURAL)

11. EMERGENCE OF GERMANIC KINGDOMS • Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces. • Church is the only institution which survived the fall of the Roman Empire. • The Church provided order and security. • Important part in the Medieval History of Europe.

12. CHANGES OCCURRED DURING THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD ROMAN SOCIETY Germanic society Family ties and personal loyalty Unwritten rules and traditions • Loyalty to the public government • Written law

13. CHRISTIANITY IN A ROMAN REGION • FRANKS are a Germanic people who held power in the Roman province of Gaul. • Their first king was named Clovis who was said to have brought Christianity to this region.

14. The Church in Rome welcomed Clovis’s conversion and supported his military campaigns against other Germanic peoples. • This marked the beginning of an alliance between two powerful forces/ institutions, the Kingdom and the Church.

15. SPREADING OF CHRISTIANITY IN GERMANIC REGIONS • POLITICS • Church and King converted many Germanic people. • MISSIONARIES – borders of the Roman Empire • FEAR OF COASTAL ATTACKS BY MUSLIMS

16. MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS BENEDICT SCHOLASTICA Adapted the same rules for women. • Wrote a book on practical set of rules for monasteries. • MONASTERY- religious communities that the Church built to adapt to rural conditions.

17. An example of a monastery

18. POPE’S EXPANSION OF POWER • SECULAR means worldly, power involved in politics. • Gregory the Great broadened the authority of the papacy. • CENTRAL THEME: Churchly kingdoms ruled by a Pope

19. A SECULARIZED POPE CHANGES IN THE POWER OF THE POPE • POPE’S PALACE- center of the Roman government. • Church revenues for raising armies, repairing roads, helping the poor. • Negotiating peace treaties with invaders (ex. Lombards) • Pope being the Mayor of Rome

20. CLOVIS AND HIS DESCENDANTS • Roman Empire was divided. • England = seven tiny kingdoms. • Franks = controlled Gaul, the largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms. • Clovis- first king of Gaul. • Started and strengthened the Merovingian Dynasty. • Major Domo= mayors of the palace. • Became the most powerful person in the kingdom. • In charge of the royal households and estates (official responsibility) • Commanded armies and made policies.

21. Charles martel Pepin the short Succeeded Charles Martel. Supported the Church in their fight against the Lombards (invading Central Italy). “King by the Grace of God.” Started the Carolingian Dynasty. • Extended Franks’ reign to the North, South, and East of Gaul. • Also defeated a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours.

22. CHARLEMAGNE • Pepin the Short left two successors, Carloman and Charles. • CHARLES- would eventually be known as Charlemagne. • A tall, bold man who stood 6’4” • Einhard says he was “the most potent prince with the greatest skill and success in different countries during the forty-seven years of his reign.” • Doubled the area of his father’s reign • His conquests helped spread Christianity • Is the first German “Roman Emperor”. • WHY WAS IT HISTORIC?

23. CHARLEMAGNE’S POWER • Limited the authority of the nobles • Regularly visited every part of his kingdom. • Judged cases, settled disputes, rewarded followers. • Encouraged learning • English, German, Italian, and Spanish scholars • Opened a palace school for the children at the court. • Monasteries opened schools that trained monks and priests

24. CHARLEMAGNE’S HEIRS • Louis the Pious – devoutly a religious man • Lothair • Charles the Bald • Louis the German • TREATY OF VERDUN- divided Charlemagne’s empire into 3 kingdoms.

25. ASSIGNMENT • FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE MAP OF CHARLEMAGNE’S EMPIRE.

26. TAKE HOME QUIZ QUESTIONS • WHAT IS FEUDALISM? WHERE DOES FEUDALISM BASE ITS POWER? DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE PRESENT IN THIS PERIOD. • COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FEUDALISM THAT EXISTED IN JAPAN AND CHINA WITH THE ONE THAT EXISTED IN EUROPE. • DRAW THE TYPICAL MANOR THAT EXISTED DURING THIS ERA.