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Basic Physical Demands Scaling

Learn about scaling physical demands for various categories, from manual material handling to hand function and balance. Discover possible scales and correlations to tasks. Understand current DOT scaling methods for MMH, duration, and dexterity.

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Basic Physical Demands Scaling

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  1. Basic Physical Demands Scaling Deborah Lechner, PT, MS

  2. Scales Vary by Category of Physical Demands Categories/ Dimensions Examples Manual Materials Handling Position Tolerance (static postures) Mobility/Movement and Repetitive Motions Hand Function Balance Coordination Lift, carry, push, pull Sit, stand, stoop, crouch, reach, kneel Walk, crawl, climb, stoop, crouch, reach Handling, fingering, gripping Static, dynamic Bilateral, eye-hand-foot, eye-hand, eye-foot

  3. Possible Scales for Physical Demands • Manual Materials Handling • Weight/force handled (lbs/N) • Size and shape of object • Handles vs. Without • Bilateral vs. Unilateral • Vertical height of lift • Distance of lift

  4. Manual Materials Handling • Can occur in any position & combined with a variety trunk movement (i.e. bend and rotate while lifting) • Lift/Lower – height, position of load and relationship to body – horizontal distance from load • Unilateral • Bilateral • Carry • Unilateral • Bilateral • Push/Pull • Unilateral • Bilateral • While whole body is moving

  5. Possible Scales for Physical Demands Non-Materials Handling • Posture/Positions maintained • Duration (hr, min, sec, % day) • Continuous duration (hr, min, sec) • Intensity (degrees of position, range of motion, WNL, min, moderate, severe) • Balanced/Symmetrical • Mobility/Ambulation (walk, crawl, climb, run) • Distance • Repetitions • Speed • Duration (% of day)

  6. Possible Scales for Physical Demands Non-Materials handling (cont’d) • Repetitive movements (squatting, reaching, stooping) • Repetitions • Frequency • Cycle time • Duration (% of day) • Continuous duration • Intensity (degrees of position, range of motion, WNL, min, moderate, severe) • Balanced/Symmetrical

  7. Scales for Balance • Dynamic vs. static • Duration (% of job required) • Surface Type • Even surface • Uneven surface • Climbing (stairs, ladders, poles) • Beam and scaffolding/narrow ledges • Surface Conditions • Wet vs. dry • Ice, snow • Oil

  8. Possible Scales for Hand Function • Duration • Repetition • Cycle time • Grip strength (lbs) • Whole hand vs. individual finger motion • One-handed vs. two-handed • Level of dexterity/coordination/speed

  9. Combined Postures vs. Individual Joint Positions • Squat/crouching vs • Spine flexion • Hip flexion • Knee flexion • Ankle dorsiflexion • Ability to change position i.e. driving for required distance before stopping, viewing computer monitor and using keyboard for specific periods of time without rest

  10. Simultaneous Motion • Motions/Positions happen simultaneously – i.e. Squat while looking down and reaching while handling. Or sitting on window sill while leaning, holding himself with one arm and reaching with another. • Neck • Trunk • Upper extremities • Shoulder • Elbow • Hands • Lower extremities • Hips • Knees • Ankles

  11. Correlation to Tasks • Housekeeping (Light to Heavy) Wet mopping the floor Cleaning patient rooms after discharge • Carpenter (Light to V Heavy) Erects framework for structures and lays subflooring Builds stairs and lays out and installs partitions and cabinet work. • Physical Demands: • Walking • Lifting • Pushing • Pulling • Joint Angle Excursions • Flexion, Extension, rotation, abduction, adduction • Neutral vs. Non-Neutral • Joint angle excursions

  12. How much detail???? • Challenge to balance level of detail vs. feasibility of data collection

  13. Current DOT MMH Scaling • Defined in DOT, SCO, & COJ • Classifies manual materials handling demands: Occasional Frequent (50%) Constant (20%) • Very Heavy > 100 lb. > 50 lb > 20 lb • Heavy 51 - 100 lb. 25 – 50 lb 10 – 20 lb • Medium 21 - 50 lb. 10 -25 1 - 10 • Light 11-20 lb. 1 - 10 * • Sedentary 1 -10 lb. * * * negligible weight

  14. Current DOT Duration Scaling • Non-materials handling tasks classified according to duration of demand within the work day • Constantly 2/3 to the full day • Frequently 1/3 to 2/3 of day • Occasionally up to 1/3 of day • Never not required

  15. Current DOT Dexterity & Coordination Scaling • Dexterity Demands • Classified as an aptitude by the DOT • Rated on a 1 -5 scale • 1 = top 10% of population • 2 = highest 1/3, exclusive of top 10% • 3 = middle 1/3 • 4 = lowest 1/3, exclusive of bottom 10% • 5 = lowest 10% of population • Grip Strength not addressed • Keyboarding not addressed • Duration address through C,F,O,N

  16. Types of Items & Associated Scales

  17. Types of Scales

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