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Terrestrial Planets

Terrestrial Planets. Mercury Venus Earth Mars. Source of images Planetary photojournal: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov. Mercury ☿. Mean radius 2439 km = 0.38R E Mass 3.3 ˣ 10 23 kg = 0.055M E Mean density 5427 kg/m 3 Rotation period 58.646 d (length of day)

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Terrestrial Planets

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  1. Terrestrial Planets • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars Source of images Planetary photojournal: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov

  2. Mercury ☿ • Mean radius 2439 km = 0.38RE • Mass 3.3 ˣ 1023 kg = 0.055ME • Mean density 5427 kg/m3 • Rotation period 58.646 d (length of day) • Orbital period 88 d (length of year) • → 3:2 spin – orbit resonance • Sun distance ~0.387 AU • http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/ Mercury Volcano

  3. Inner structure • 1 Crust 100 – 200 km • 2 Mantle -600 km • Nucleus – 1800 km • Core ~42% of volume • Higher iron content than any other planet

  4. Mercury surface map All images: NASA & JHUAPL Messenger Mission

  5. Mercury Kepler Debussy Impact ejecta spokes Pantheon Fossae

  6. Venus • Mean radius 6051 km = 0.949 RE • Mass 4868 ˣ 1024 kg = 0.815 ME • Mean density 5204 kg/m3 • Rotation period -243 d • Orbital period 224.7 d • Sun distance ~0.7 AU • Surface pressure 93 bar http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html

  7. Venus Magellan Radar Images Eistla region with Gula Mons in the Background Ridges formed by crustal shortening

  8. Image resolution Venera vs. Magellan

  9. Earth • Mean radius 6371 km • Mass 5.973 ˣ 1024 kg • Mean density 5515 kg/m3 • Rotation period -1 d • Orbital period 365.256 d • Sun distance 1 AU • Surface pressure 1 bar Earth Moon system to scale

  10. Mars • Mean radius 3396 km = 0.533 RE • Mass 6418 ˣ 1023 kg = 0.107 ME • Mean density 3933 kg/m3 • Rotation period 1.026 d = 24.623h • Orbital period 686.98 d • Sun distance ~1.5 AU • Surface pressure 0.7 mbar Opportunity: Greeley Haven winter stopover http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html

  11. Mars “Homestake” mineral, possibly Gypsum vein from Oportunity MRO North polar erg with sand dunes Snake River Rocks, Curiosity

  12. Mars MEX: Buried glaciers around Phlegra Montes

  13. Mars MRO Chemical alteration by water, Jezero Crater Delta

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