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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Light Absorption. Sun gives off visible light (ROYGBIV) Unabsorbed light reflects to our eyes Most green light not absorbed by leaves Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight Absorb mostly reds and blues. Prism. White light. Which color(s) are being reflected? Yellow

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Light Absorption • Sun gives off visible light (ROYGBIV) • Unabsorbed light reflects to our eyes • Most green light not absorbed by leaves • Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight • Absorb mostly reds and blues

  3. Prism White light

  4. Which color(s) are being reflected? Yellow Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

  5. Which color(s) are being reflected? Blue Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo, Violet

  6. Which color(s) are being reflected? None…Black is the absence of light Which color(s) are being absorbed? All….ROYGBIV

  7. Which color(s) are being reflected? All…ROYGBIV Which color(s) are being absorbed? None

  8. Which color(s) are being reflected? Green Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Indigo, Violet

  9. The Chloroplast • Site of photosynthesis • Thylakoid membranes: light dependent reactions • Stroma (fluid interior): light independent reactions

  10. Stomata: pore underneath leaves through which gases enter/exit

  11. Photosynthesis Overview • Two Stages • 1) Light Dependent Reactions • Photosystems: groups of molecules that capture/transfer energy • Creates: O2, ATP, NADPH • 2) Light Independent Reactions • Creates: Glucose

  12. Light Dependent Reactions

  13. Stroma Light Dependent Reactions PSI PSII Thylakoid thylakoid thylakoid Granum thylakoid

  14. Stroma Light Dependent Reactions H H H H H H O O O PSI PSII Thylakoid e e e e e e • Step 1: • Chlorophyll in PSII absorbs sunlight and electrons become excited • Thylakoid membrane becomes negatively charged • Starts an “electron transport chain”

  15. Stroma Light Dependent Reactions e H H H H e e e e H e H O O O PSI e e e e e e PSII Thylakoid • Step 2 & 3: • Water molecules are broken • H+ pulled into thylakoids • Electrons replace those lost by chlorophyll to keep cycle going • Oxygen waste released

  16. Stroma Light Dependent Reactions PSI e e e e e e e e e e PSII Thylakoid e e H H H H H H • Step 4: • Chlorophyll in PSI absorbs sunlight and electrons become excited

  17. Stroma Light Dependent Reactions PSI e e e e e e PSII e Thylakoid H e e e H H H e H H e NADP H • Step 5: • Electrons help bond NADP + H to create NADPH (H taxi) • NADPH will be used later H NADP

  18. Stroma Light Dependent Reactions PSI e e e e e e PSII e Thylakoid e e e H H H H H e H ATP synthase ATP ATP ATP • Step 6 & 7: • H+ diffuses into the stroma • H+ helps bond ADP + P to create ATP • ATP will be used later P P ADP ADP P ADP

  19. Light Dependent Summary • O2, ATP, NADPH created • NO GLUCOSE CREATED!

  20. Stroma Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) C C C C C 5C = RuBP C C C C C C CO2 • Step 1: • CO2 from the air bonds with a 5 carbon molecule… 6 carbon molecule created

  21. Stroma Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) 3C = PGAL ATP C C C C C C 3C = PGAL C C C C C C • Step 2: • ATP and NADPH (from light dependent cycle) finally used! • 6 carbon molecule broken into two 3 carbon molecules H NADP

  22. Stroma Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) PGAL PGAL ATP PGAL C C C C C C C C C C C C PGAL ATP C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C PGAL PGAL • Step 2: • ATP and NADPH (from light dependent cycle) finally used! • 6 carbon molecule broken into two 3 carbon molecules • Process repeats H H NADP NADP

  23. Stroma Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) Glucose C6H12O6 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C 5C = RuBP C C C C C C C C C C C ATP 5C = RuBP C C C C C C C 5C = RuBP C C C • Step 3 and 4: • Some 3 carbon molecules will bond to make GLUCOSE! • Other 3 carbon molecules will recombine to make 5 carbon molecule

  24. Light Independent Summary • CO2, ATP, & NADPH create glucose

  25. Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

  26. Your essay question on the next test! Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.

  27. Kobe Kuiz • Place these steps in order from start to finish: A) Electron transport chain creates NADPH and ATP energy B) 3C molecule broken by ATP into 5C molecule C) PGAL created when 6C molecule broken down D) Water broken into H+, e-, and O components E) Sunlight causes chlorophyll electrons to flow into thylakoid membrane F) 3C molecule bonds to create glucose G) CO2 bonds with RuBP

  28. Kobe Kuiz • Place these steps in order from start to finish: E) Sunlight causes chlorophyll electrons to flow into thylakoid membrane D) Water broken into H+, e-, and O components A) Electron transport chain creates NADPH and ATP energy G) CO2 bonds with RuBP C) PGAL created when 6C molecule broken down F) 3C molecule bonds to create glucose B) 3C molecule broken by ATP into 5C molecule

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