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Graphene-Based Polymer Composites and Their Applications

Graphene-Based Polymer Composites and Their Applications. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013 Zachary Palmer, Kendall Wright, Charlie Chirino , Daniel Irvin. Composites of Graphene. Figure: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013.

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Graphene-Based Polymer Composites and Their Applications

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  1. Graphene-Based Polymer Composites and TheirApplications Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013 Zachary Palmer, Kendall Wright, Charlie Chirino, Daniel Irvin

  2. Composites of Graphene Figure: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013

  3. Applications of Graphene Figure: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013

  4. What is Graphene? • Hexagonal pattern of carbon atoms • One-atom thick sheet • Graphite is made up of flakes of graphene • Graphite -Graphene Figure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene Figure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

  5. Special Properties of Graphene • the quantum Hall effect (QHE) • high carrier mobility at room temperature (10,000 cm2) • large theoretical specific surface area (2630 m2) • good optical transparency (97.7%) • high Young’s modulus (1 Tpa) • excellent conductivity (3000–5000 Wm-1 K-1) Figurehttps://www.google.com/search?q=young's+modulus

  6. More Properties • Thermal Conductivity • Greater than that of Diamond and Carbon nanotubes • Mechanical Properties • High Young’s Modulus = Very Strong • Very lightweight • 1 square meter weighs .77mg https://www.google.com/search?thermoconductivity

  7. Graphene Production • First produced using masking tape • press adhesive tape onto a chunk of graphite and pull: this peels off a thin flake of grey-black carbon • Then repeatedly stick the carbon-covered tape against itself and peel away: the carbon flake breaks up further into thin, faint fragments, each hundreds of micrometers across. • Exfoliating • Growing • Producing large quantities of Graphene is currently one issue faced by scientist Figure: http://www.nature.com.lib-ezproxy.tamu.edu:2048/nature/journal/v483/n7389_supp/full/483S32a.html

  8. Figurehttp://www.nature.com.lib-ezproxy.tamu.edu:2048/nature/journal/v483/n7389_supp/full/483S32a.htmlFigurehttp://www.nature.com.lib-ezproxy.tamu.edu:2048/nature/journal/v483/n7389_supp/full/483S32a.html

  9. Figure: Polymer-http://www.nature.com.lib-ezproxy.tamu.edu:2048/nature/journal/v483/n7389_supp/full/483S32a.html

  10. Preparing the Composites • In Situ Intercalative Polymerization • Solution Intercalation • Melt Intercalation Figure: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013

  11. List of Composites Figure: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013

  12. Effects of Graphene Additives to Polymers • Polyaniline/Graphene • Increased capacitance

  13. Continued: Effects of Adding Graphene to Common Polymers • Epoxy/Graphene- Composite strengthens the thermal conductivity of the common adhesive Epoxy. Bolsters abilities to be used as thermal interface • Poly Styrene/Graphene Introduction of Graphene improves electrical conductivity and expands uses. Figure: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013

  14. Continued: Effects of Adding Graphene to Common Polymers • Poly Urethane/Graphene Addition of Graphene into pure polyurethane increases conductivity by 10^5 • Polycarbonate (PC)/Graphene Increases tinsel strength and expands its uses in physically demanding applications Increases electrial conductivity Figure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

  15. Continued: Effects of Adding Graphene to Common Polymers Nafion/Graphene Nanocomposite • Nafion is usually used in the production of electrodes. When combined with Graphene the sensitivity and stablity increases. Figure:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566311000571

  16. Into to Applications Figure: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52: 319–331, 2013

  17. Electronic Device Applications • Graphene based polymers have been used in liquid crystal devices, light emitting diodes and electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells Liquid Crystal Device https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LED,_5mm.org https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LED,_5mm.org

  18. Electronic Device Applications Cont. • Graphene/polymer composites have applications in transparent conducting films • These are in Solar cells, Touch screens and flat panel display Figure: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LED,_5mm,_green_(en).svg/220px-LED,_5mm,_green_(en).svg.png

  19. Application in Energy Storage • Green Cells • by combining graphene with two promising polymer cathode materials, poly-(anthraquinonyl sulfide) and polyimide researchers have improved the efficiency of lithium batteries Figure: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LED,_5mm,_green_(en).svg/220px-LED,_5mm,_green_(en).svg.png

  20. Application in Energy Storage • Supercapacitor or Ultracapacitor • Graphene derivatives and conducting polymers are combined and used as the hybrid type of super capacitor • The added graphene gives astounding energy density to these ultracapacitors. Graphene coated silicon disk Figure: CNX.org/1feinbke/34mnbkd

  21. Into to Applications as sensors Basic Bio Sensor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_nanoribbons Figure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_nanoribbons

  22. Application in Sensors • Graphene can be used in multiple kinds of sensors • pH • Pressure • Temperature Studies show exceptional sensitivity when graphene is employed Figure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

  23. Biomedical Applications • Graphene was first used in medical applications in 2008. • Graphene based nanomaterials have been used in drug delivery and cancer therapy just to name a few Figure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

  24. Use in Cancer Therapy • Toxicity of nanomaterials deployed for cancer treatment is a major dilemma facing advancement. • PEG-Funtionalizationgraphenenanomaterials have negligible in vitro toxicity which deployed. Figure: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LED,_5mm,_green_(en).svg/220px-LED,_5mm,_green_(en).svg.png

  25. Conclusion • Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites represent one of the most technologically promising developments to emerge from the interface of graphene-based materials. • There are many engineering challenges that still remain, but with proper research we can utilize graphene materials to their full potential.

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