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Opiates

Opiates. By: Anna Jung & Tatianna Johnson. In the beginning….

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Opiates

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  1. Opiates By: Anna Jung & Tatianna Johnson

  2. In the beginning… The Opium poppy was first cultivated in lower Mesopotamia in 3400 B.C. From there, the plant was passed on to the Assyrians, who passed it to the Babylonians in turn, passed their knowledge to the Egyptians. In 330 B.C. Alexander the Great took opium to the people of Persia and India. Skip ahead some years, and the First Opium War breaks out in 1838 after China orders all foreign traders to surrender their opium. Then, through the 1800’s it became an illegal drug.

  3. The story of Discovery • First synthesized as an analgesic in England, 1969. • Recognized as a potential addiction treatment by NIDA researchers in the 1970s. • NIDA created Medications Development Division to focus on developing drug treatments for addiction, 1990. • NIDA formed an agreement with the original developer to bring buprenorphine to market in the U.S., 1994. • Buprenorphine tablets approved by the FDA, 2002

  4. Opiates elicit their powerful effects by activating opiate receptors that are widely distributed throughout the brain & body. Once an opiate reaches the brain, it quickly activates the opiate receptors that are found in many brain regions and produces an effect that correlates with the area of the brain involved.

  5. Examples of Opioids & Opiates •Buprenorphine •Codeine •Demerol •Duragesic •Fentanyl •Fentora •Heroin •Hydrocodone Methadone •Morphine •MS Contin •Norco •Oxycodone •OxyContin •OxyIR •Oxymorphone •Percocet •Percodan •Poppy Tea •Roxicodone •Stadol •Suboxone •Subutex •Tramadol •Ultram •Vicodin •Vicoprofen •Xodol •Zydone Heroin

  6. Facts about Opiates -Two important effects produced by opiates, such as morphine, are pleasure (or reward) and pain relief. The brain itself also produces substances known as endorphins that activate the opiate receptors. Research indicates that endorphins are involved in many things, including respiration, nausea, vomiting, pain modulation, and hormonal regulation. -Research suggests that stimulation of opiate receptors by morphine results in feelings of reward and activates the pleasure circuit by causing greater amounts of dopamine to be released within the nucleus accumbens. This causes an intense euphoria, or rush, that lasts only briefly and is followed by a few hours of a relaxed, contented state. This excessive release of dopamine and stimulation of the reward system can lead to addiction. -Opiates also act in these brain regions, but they don't block the pain messages themselves. Rather, they change the subjective experience of the pain. This is why a person receiving morphine for pain may say that they still feel the pain but that it doesn't bother them anymore.

  7. QUIZ! 1. True/false : Morphine is considered an opiate.2. True/false : Opiates do NOT effect a person’s emotions.3. Choose one of the below answers- Opiates were first synthesized in a) Germany b) Mexico c) California d) England4. Which plant did opiates originate from?a) rose b) sunflower c) poppy d) mushroom5. True/false : As of 2012, Opiates became legalized in the United States.

  8. Quiz Answers 1. True 2. False3. D (England) 4. C (poppy)5. False

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