Pharmacology Application in Athletic Training

1. Pharmacology Application in Athletic Training Michelle Odai, MS, LAT, ATC, CSCS Florida International University

2. Chapter 1 – Historical and Legal Issues

3. History of Drugs and Pharmacy • The origins of drugs and medicine can be traced back to ancient civilizations • 2100 BC – physicians and priests recorded references to drug therapy on clay tablets • Timeline history of the development of pharmacy – pg 5

4. Legal Foundations • Early 20th century – no laws existed to control the sale of medications, the purity of drug preparations, or the efficacy of medical devices • 1906 – Pure Food and Drug Act • 1938 – Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act • 1952 – Durham-Humphrey Amendment • 1962 – Kefauver-Harris Amendment

5. 1970 – Poison Prevention Packaging Act • 1984 – Anti-Tampering Act • 1970 – Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act • Scheduled Drugs

6. United States Food and Drug Administration • Created in 1938 to protect public’s health by ensuring safety, efficacy, and monitoring of products • Regulates drug manufacturing and labeling processes; monitor adverse reactions • Approval process takes @ 12 years • Fast-track approval

7. Over-the-Counter Products • FDA must approve ingredients and label information • Name of product • Name and address of manufacturer • List of active and inactive ingredients • Quantity of contents • Name of any habit-forming components • Warnings and precautions for the user • Adequate directions for use

8. Naming of a Drug • Typically identified by • Chemical name • Generic name, or • Brand name

9. Generic and Brand Name Drug Ingredients • Must have same active ingredients and must be identical in strength and dosage form • Brand-name drugs patented for 17 years • FDA recommends and all states allow pharmacists to dispense generic equivalent of brand-name drug

10. Medical Abbreviations • Used to denote frequency, amount, and weight • Table 1-3, pg 10

11. Drug InformationPharmacists • Trained in defining, monitoring, and modifying drug treatment • Understand use, doses, drug and food interactions, contraindications, and other aspects of drug agents • PharmD – 6 yrs, national certification exam • State licensure • Various settings

12. Drug InformationPoison Control Centers • 50 states, 24/7, free • Assess and treat poisonings and poison prevention • All calls concerning humans and animals • Insect, snake bites, ingestion of substances, identification of drug tablets and capsules, hazardous material spills • Employ nurses, pharmacists, physicians

13. PCS should be called if someone has ingested, touched, or been bitten by something you think is poisonous or toxic • Caller should provide as much information as possible • National hotline, directory assistance

14. Drug InformationReference Books • Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR) • Produced by pharmaceutical industry and provides detailed descriptions of drugs • Photos of 1000 drug products to assist in identification • Updated annually, easily accessible

15. Pharmacy in Athletic Training • State and federal laws that govern controlled substances • AT should be aware of laws that pertain to them • All controlled substances found in ATR must have complete and accurate written inventory • Team physician is ultimately responsible for dispensing controlled substances

16. Name of athlete/patient Sport Age Name of drug Dose given Quantity prescribed Indication Manufacturer Lot number Drug expiration date Name of person dispensing drug Date drug is given To avoid legal liability the ATC must document information about each drug administered

17. Single-dose packages • Assisting athlete with drug administration process • All meds should be kept in locked offices and/or storage cabinets • Failure to follow guidelines can predispose athletic trainers to undue legal liability

18. Important Information • Implications for Athletic Trainers (pg 13) • What to Tell the Athlete (pg 13)