The Wizard of Tuskegee

1. 5.04 Compare and contrast the African American political and legal personalities of the time period and their impact on American society.

2. The Wizard of Tuskegee

3. The Wizard of Tuskegee Take notes on the right side of A1 in your notebook. On the left side prepare for class discussion by writing two paragraphs that answer the Assessment Prompt. Should schools focus more on vocational training or preparing students for college?

4. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Booker T. Washington was born in 1856-1858 nears Hales Ford, Virginia • Enslaved to James Burroughs • His mother was a cook; his father was an unknown white man. • Some people see Booker T. Washington’s life as a search for a father/father figure.

5. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Union victory brought freedom • Booker T., his mother, and half-siblings walked to West Virginia to reunite with Washington Ferguson, his mother’s husband. • Ferguson worked in the coal and salt mines; here BTW learned to read BTW National Monument

6. The Wizard of Tuskegee

7. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Walked to Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in 1872 • Civil War general Samuel Chapman Armstrong (a white man) was principal • Armstrong believed that freed blacks needed practical education and character building • After graduation from Hampton BTW taught back in Malden, West Virginia

8. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Booker T. Washington studied liberal arts at Weyland Seminary in DC then returned to Hampton • At Hampton BTW was in charge of the school’s Native American students • General Armstrong hired BTW as principal for his new school in Alabama

9. The Wizard of Tuskegee • When Washington first arrived at Tuskegee the school had only $2000, no buildings, no faculty, and no students • By 1888 the Institute had 500 acres of land and 400 students; by 1915 it had an endowment of $2,000,000, a staff of 200, and over 2000 students!

10. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Students in a Tuskegee history class

11. Tuskegee Institute

12. The Wizard of TuskegeeThe Atlanta Compromise • In 1895 Washington’s controversial speech at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta brought national attention. • This was a ‘doctrine of vocational training’ for blacks. • Harvard soon gave BTW an honorary master’s degree.

13. The Wizard of Tuskegee

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16. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Booker T. Washington would often blame African-Americans for their own limitations. • Many black nationalists and whites, like Andrew Carnegie supported his stance and funded Tuskegee. • Washington secretly funneled money to support civil rights. Booker T's Family

17. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Washington and Du Bois had different views on the proper role of education. • Du Bois believed education was a tool for blacks to fully integrate into American society. • Washington’s ideal was not full integration; he viewed blacks as ‘a nation within a nation.’ • To some Booker T. Washington’s view supported segregation.

18. The Wizard of TuskegeeUp From Slavery • “Go out and be a center, a life-giving center, as it were to a whole community, when the opportunity comes, when you may give life where there is no life, hope where there is no hope, power where there is no power……… Autobiography

19. The Wizard of Tuskegee • “Begin in a humble way and work up to build institutions that will put people on their feet.” • Booker T. Washington was an inspiration to nationalists such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X and conservatives such as Justice Clarence Thomas and Thomas Sowell.

20. The Wizard of Tuskegee • Booker T. Washington believed in separate but equal. • Du Bois believed blacks could only achieve equality if racial boundaries were torn down through education. • Washington sought ‘a place at the table’ through vocational work that would make blacks irreplaceable in the U.S. economy.

22. This presentation was prepared bySpencer Swindler. The pictures were found on the internet. Only one major source was used. The bibliography for that source is below. • ..\Video\Booker_T__Washington__Tuskegee_America.asf • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBi_rCGKqFs&feature=related • Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., and Cornell West. The African-American Century, N.Y. The Free Press, 2000. Music: "Henry, Better Man" Keb Mo' 1998

23. 1. Where was Booker T. Washington born? • 2. Here (what state?) Booker learned to read while working in the mines. • 3. General Samuel Chapman Armstrong was principal at this school (name the school). • 4. Booker was the principal of this Alabama HBCU (name the school). • 5. This billionaire friend of Washington left an endowment to his school. • 6. He disagreed with Washington’s 1895 speech in Georgia and called it “the Atlanta Compromise.” • 7. What does it mean, “to learn a trade?”