WARM UP (Sheet of paper please)

1. WARM UP (Sheet of paper please) • GRAB A WORLD HISTORY BOOK • Read “The Quran” on page 971. • Answer “Analyzing Primary Sources” questions • Answer MC questions NOW • Save the “Critical Thinking” question for after the lecture • Turn in AFTER the lecture on your own paper!

2. The Muslim World: Understanding Islam and its Founding Chapter 11 Sections 1&2 Pages 252-260 EQs: What is the history behind Islam? What are the teachings of Islam? How did Islam spread?

3. History of Islam • First, understand that Islam was founded in Saudi Arabia…at the time of its founding, the Arabian Peninsula was a land of tribes (clans) and nomads, with no real unified government…the traditions of these people dated back to those of the ancient ME civs. • Second, understand that Islam is a “young” religion, only about 1400 years old (Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism are older) • Much like Judaism & Christianity, one God (Allah), founded by a prophet (Muhammad) • HOW DID ISLAM COME INTO BEING? • Muhammad was troubled by idol worship and all the negative things he saw in Bedouin society • He had a vision, from the angel Gabriel, calling on him to be a messenger of God

4. History of Islam (con’t) • Muhammad was persecuted for promoting belief in one God • Muhammad fled to Yathrib in 622 AD (now known as Medina) on a journey known as the hijra (622 AD is the holy beginning year for Islam) • Those in Medina welcome Muhammad and his followers grew • He “attacked” the people of Mecca in 630 AD, destroyed their idols and began uniting all Arabs under his religion

5. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM • The basis of Islam is 5 things (rules) its followers must adhere to in their daily lives: • 1. Affirmation of faith in God (Allah) • 2. Daily Prayer – face east (Mecca) 5 times a day and pray • 3. Charity – must give to the poor and enfeebled • 4. Fasting – During Ramadan, not eating, sunrise to sunset • 5. Pilgrimage – hajj, Every able bodied Muslim must go to Mecca once in their life • NOT a pillar, Jihad or struggle in God’s service, is noted as another duty that some Muslims practice

6. Islam: Religion and Way of Life • Islam is not just a religion, it is a way of life…it serves as a teacher, a system of laws and a system of social conduct • Islamic Law = Sharia • Regulate moral conduct • Family life • Business practices • Government activity • Lastly, religion IS NOT separate from the law (criminal or civil) in MOST Muslim communities • Women and Islam • Fundamental Islam promotes equality between men and women • Only general roles were defined by the Quran (Koran) • Arabs have just picked up bad habits about how to treat women from other civilizations

7. Islam’s Movement (Sects) • Muhammad died in 632 AD…his friend Abu Bakr took over as leader of the faith, but he died in 634 AD…these deaths led to divisions in Islam • Islam has three major movements: • 1: Sunnis – believed that the caliph (leader) should be chosen by religious leaders of the Muslim community AND should just be a leader, not a religious authority • 2: Shiites – believed that the caliph (leader) should be a TRUE descendant of Muhammad and a religious leader • Sunnis and Shiites are in constant conflict over these points (explains the majority of conflict in the Middle East today)…Sunnis are a majority in the Islamic world (85%) and Shiites are a minority, however, 2 nations have a Shiite majority • Ie. IRAQ and Iran (Shi’a majority, Sunni minority) • 3: Sufis – the mystics, who seek communion (oneness) with Allah…they are like monks/nuns, etc. and are the missionaries of the Islamic faith

8. For the remainder of time… • Work on worksheets for chapter 11 sec 1&2 (pages 252-260)…there may be some time to finish tomorrow but don’t count on it! • DUE TOMORROW BY THE END OF THE PERIOD! • TURN IN YOUR WARM UP BEFORE LEAVING!!! • Tomorrow: Review video clip on the Islamic Faith