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The Crusades

The Crusades. Urban II - 1095. In 1095 an assembly of churchmen called by Pope Urban II met at Clermont , France. Messengers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus had urged the pope to send help against the armies of Muslim Turks . .

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades

  2. Urban II - 1095 • In 1095 an assembly of churchmen called by Pope Urban IImet at Clermont, France. • Messengers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus had urged the pope to send help against the armies of Muslim Turks.

  3. On November 27 the pope asked the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims.

  4. "God wills it!" • The response of the assembly was favorable. • Thus was launched the first and most successful of at least eight crusades against the Muslim caliphates of the Near East. •  "God wills it!"

  5. From 1096 to 1270 there were eight major crusadesand two children's crusades, both in the year 1212. Only the First and Third Crusades were successful. In the long history of the Crusades, thousands of knights, soldiers, merchants, and peasants lost their lives on the march or in battle. The crusaders

  6. The word “crusade”. The word "crusade" literally means "going to the Cross."

  7. The first and the second crusade. • Hencethe idea at the time was to urge Christian warriors to go to Palestine and free Jerusalem and other holy places from Muslim domination. The first crusade was a grand success for the Christian armies; Jerusalem and other cities fell to the knights. • The second crusade, however, ended in humiliation in 1148, when the armies of France and Germany failed to take Damascus.

  8. The other crusades • The third ended in 1192 in a compromise between English king Richard the Lion-Hearted of England and the Muslim leader Saladin, who granted access to Christians to the holy places. • The fourth crusade led to the sacking of Constantinople. • The Children's Crusade of 1212 ended with thousands of children being sold into slavery, lost, or killed. • Other less disastrous but equally futile crusades occurred until nearly the end of the 13th century.

  9. Knights Templar • The Knights Templar were the most powerful military monastic order which took part in the Crusades. • The order adopted a monastic way of life based on that of St. Benedict when not in battle. • This dual identity brought about the famous description of them as "fiercer than lions and gentler than lambs." The monastic life granted them the peace of soul during their prescribed mission. • The military successes of the Knights Templar were numerous, especially in the Third Crusade where they fought in the ranks at Arsuf under Richard the Lionhearted.

  10. Knights Hospitalers • The Knights Hospitalers were another powerful military order which formed a vital part of the Crusading Army. • The order was an opposing force against Turkish seapower, fighting in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. • The order was removed from Malta in 1798 by Napoleon Bonaparte and reinstated by the Pope in 1879. It still continues today as a charitable semi-religious order.

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