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The Inner Life of a Cell

The Inner Life of a Cell. http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Info/Press/gfx/050811_ehv-on-ehux-cell.jpg. What is a Cell?. Anything that is alive is made up of cells. Every organism that you can think of, whether it be an octopus or a bird, a snail or an ant, is made of cells.

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The Inner Life of a Cell

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  1. The Inner Life of a Cell http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Info/Press/gfx/050811_ehv-on-ehux-cell.jpg

  2. What is a Cell? • Anything that is alive is made up of cells. • Every organism that you can think of, whether it be an octopus or a bird, a snail or an ant, is made of cells. • Humans are made of literally billions of cells. • Cells are so small that they can only be seen under a microscope.

  3. Discovery of Cells • Robert Hooke, an Englishman, discovered cells in 1665 while looking at a thin slice of cork. • He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb • He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi http://www.thaigoodview.com/library/studentshow/2547/chonburi/bio/members.thai.net/m6141/Lesson2pic/Robert_Hooke.jpg http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/Images/1200_pixels/hooke_t11.jpg

  4. In 1673, Anton van Leeuwenhoek Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum and discovered single-celled organisms he dubbed “animalcules” • Science was now aware that that cells are found in animals as well as plants http://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/Leeuwenhoek.JPG http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v165/cottonmanifesto/tardigrade.jpg

  5. Development of Cell Theory • In 1838 a German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells • In 1839 a German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

  6. 1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Rudolf_Virchow_by_Hugo_Vogel,_1861.JPG http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/77/66377-004-42EF29FE.jpg

  7. The Cell Theory 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory were now complete: • All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann 1838-39) • The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann 1838-39) • All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. (Virchow 1858)

  8. Modern Cell Theory • The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division. • All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities. • All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the cells (movement, digestion,etc). • Cell activity depends on the activities of structures within the cell (organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)

  9. Application of the Cell Theory • Understanding disease transmission • Vaccines • Cloning • Stem Cell Research • Cancer • Genetics • AIDS • Disease, health, and medical research http://www.csulb.edu/depts/biology/media/cell751.gif

  10. What Do All Cells Have in Common? • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Organelles • DNA

  11. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes • Single-celled organism • No nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • DNA in the cytoplasm • Includes all bacteria & Archaea • Can be single-celled or multicellular • DNA located in the nucleus • Has membrane-bound organelles • Animals, plants, protists, and fungi

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