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Cartilage and Bone

Cartilage and Bone. 1. Cartilage. perichondrium cartilage (tissue) chondrocytes intercellular substances: fibers ground substance. 1.1   Hyaline cartilage (usually exist in trachea and bronchus). 1.1.1 chondrocytes LM cartilage lacuna

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Cartilage and Bone

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  1. Cartilage and Bone

  2. 1. Cartilage • perichondrium • cartilage (tissue) • chondrocytes • intercellular substances: • fibers • ground substance

  3. 1.1   Hyaline cartilage(usually exist in trachea and bronchus) • 1.1.1 chondrocytes LM cartilage lacuna cartilage capsule isogenous group EM

  4. Chondrocyte: LM Structure: • embedded in cartilage lacuna • peripheral cells: --small and immature --single and flattened • central cell: --large and mature, --round and in group of 2-8 cells --small and round nucleus --basophilic cytoplasm --EM: rich in RER and Golgi complex

  5. 1.1.2 ground substances • semi-rigid • constitutent: • chondromucoprotein • water • There are no blood vessels, lymphatics or nerves in cartilage.

  6. 1.1.3 fibers • type Ⅱ collagen → collagenous fibrils

  7. 1.1.4 perichondrium • outer layer: more collegenous fibers • inner layer: more cells osteogenic cells → chondrocytes

  8. perichondrium two layers: ---out layer: contain more fiber-protection ---inner layer: more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)

  9. 1.1.5 cartilage growth and regeneration • appositional growth • interstitial growth

  10. Appositional growth: • osteoprogenitor cell→cartilage cell (chondrocyte) → produce fiber and matrix. • growing and mature cartilage Interstitial growth: • inner chondrocyte proliferation→ produce fiber and matrix. • immature cartilage

  11. 1.2 Elastic cartilage • Distribution:external ear, epiglottis • structure characteristics: • large amount of elastic fiber • function: strong elasticity

  12. 1.3  fibrous cartilage • Distribution: intervertebral discs, • structure characteristics • large amount of collagenous fiber bundles • cells are small and less

  13. 2. Bone • Bone • osseous tissue • Periosteum • Bone marrow

  14. 2.1  Fundamental structural elements of bone tissue • bone matter: • organic matter: glycosaminoglycan with protein and collagenous fibers • inorganic matter : mineral salts, such as calcium, phosphate, and carbonate • bone cells

  15. 2.1.1 bone matter: • organic matter: • collagenous fibers: typeⅠand typeⅤ collagen • ground substances: glycosaminoglycans chondroitin sulphate keratin sulphate hyaluronic acidproteins: osteocalcin osteonectin • inorganic matter: (bone mineral, bone salt) hydroxyapatite crystal 〔Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2〕 Bone lamella

  16. 2.1.2 bone cells • Osteogenic cells • Osteoblasts • Osteocytes • Osteoclasts

  17. Osteogenic cells • morphology: locate in periosteum and endosteum, small and fusiform shape • function: differentiate into osteoblast and chrondroblast

  18. Osteoblasts • Distribution: on the surface of osseous tissue • Morphology: cuboidal or low columnar shape • LM： • EM： • matrix vesicles:membrane vesicle for calification • function:secrete bone matrix/osteoid and differntiate into osteocyte Osteoid : organic component in bone

  19. ---function: ⅰ.synthesize bone collagen fiber and ground substance-osteoid ⅱ.release matrix vesicle: • 0.1um in diameter • membrane-coated • calcium, crystal of bone salt and calbindin • function: promote calcification

  20. Osteocytes • Distribution: in or between bone lamella • morphology LM： bone lacuna bone canaliculi EM：

  21. Osteoclasts • Distribution: in periphery of osseous tissue • morphologyLM：* multinuclear large cell (30-100um) • *6-50 nuclei *acidophilic cytoplasmEM：Ly, Mit, GC, ruffled border and clear zone • function: dissolve and absorb bone matrix

  22. 2.2 architecture of long bone • spongy bone • distribution: the end of long bone or inner surface of the shaft (close to marrow cavity) • constitute: network trabeculae and cavity with red bone marrow) • compact bone • distribution: shaft of long bone • constitute: circumferential lamellae, Haversian system and interstitial lamellae • periosteum and endosteum

  23. Spongy bone ---trabeculae: • parallelly-arranged lamella • spongy-liked network ---Bone marrow: hemopoietic tissue

  24. 2.2.1 spongy bone

  25. 2.2.2 compact bone • circumferential lamellae • osteon, Haversian system • interstitial lamella

  26. Compact bone: locate in bone shaft a.circumferential lamella: /outer concentrically-arranged /inner around inner surface of bone b.Haversian system (osteon): /cylindric structure, 3-5mm /central canal: N, BV, CT /Haversian lamella: 4-20 layers

  27. c.  interstitial lamella: /irregular lamella /remnant of Haversian or circumferential lamella *perforating canal: /transverse canal /connect with Haversian canal

  28. *circumferential lamellae: • circumferential lamellae: • outer circumferential lamellae • inter   circumferential lamellae • perforating canal, Volkmann canal

  29. osteon, Haversian system: • central canal (Haversian canal) • osteon lamella Haversian lamella

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