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Structure of Bone & Cartilage

Structure of Bone & Cartilage. Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy. Connective tissue. Cells Cells producing extracellular material Other cells (immune cells, fat cells) Extracellular material Ground substance – matrix of organic material Fibres. Connective tissues. Cartilage.

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Structure of Bone & Cartilage

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  1. Structure of Bone & Cartilage Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy

  2. Connective tissue • Cells • Cells producing extracellular material • Other cells (immune cells, fat cells) • Extracellular material • Ground substance – matrix of organic material • Fibres

  3. Connective tissues

  4. Cartilage • A semi-rigidtissue • Variable amounts of collagen and elastic fibres • Three types • Hyaline cartilage (consist of collagen fires) • Elastic cartilage (consist of collagen and lot of elastic fires) • Fibrocartilage

  5. Cartilage diffusion Nerves Blood vessels Perichondrium cells

  6. Chondroblasts Lacuna/space Chondrocytes

  7. Cartilage… • Grow by • Interstitial growth (chondrocytes dividing & forming clusters) • Appositional growth (chondroblasts differentiating into chondrocytes) • Adults have a limited distribution of cartilage • Newborns have more extensive distribution

  8. Hyaline Cartilage • Most common type • Found in, nasal septum, larynx, tracheal rings, costal cartilages and articular surfaces of sinovial joints • Newborns have more extensive distribution since they act as templates for most of the long bones

  9. Elastic Cartilage • Found in, external ear, external auditory canal, epiglottis and wall of Eustachian tubes. • Differ from hyaline cartilage by having numerous elastic cartilage bundles in the matrix

  10. Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage

  11. Fibrocartilage • Found in, intervetebral discs, some articular cartilages and pubic symphysis. • Features appear intermediate between cartilage and dense fibrous connective tissue • There are alternating layers of hyaline like cartilage and thick layers of collagen fibres.

  12. Fibrocartilage

  13. Bone • A specialized connective tissue • Extracellular components are mineralized - rigid • Supporting and protective functions • Function as a calcium ion store • Growth and resorption throughout life - dynamic

  14. Bone…… • Cells – • Osteoblasts: secrete extracellular matrix (osteoid) • Osteocytes: maintain bone matrix • Osteoclasts: remove bone matrix • Extracellular matrix – • glycoprotein ground substance, collagen fibres, mineral component by calcium hydroxyapatite

  15. periosteum epiphysis growth plate endosteum diaphysis epiphysis red marrow cavity (contains yellow marrow)

  16. Microscopic structure • Haversian canals with vessels and nerves • They are arranged parallel to the long axis • Connected by canals running across, called • Bone cells are arranged around Haversian canals in circles • The cells lay down bone in circles called lamellae

  17. Microscopic structure Cortical bone Haversian system Volkmann’s canal

  18. Canaliculi

  19. Cortical bone Interstitial system (old Hav Sys) New Haversian system

  20. Woven bone Bone immature bone. Random organization of fibrous elements Compact bone forms walls of the shaft & a thin layer around the epiphysis of long bones Lamellar bone mature bone Cancellous bone found in the epiphysis or around the medullary cavity

  21. Apositional growth Resorption Increased calcium ions Calcitonin Osteoblast Osteoclast PTH Periosteum _ + + + Reduced calcium ions

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