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The Mole

The Mole. This is a quantity of atoms or molecules. A Dozen = 12 A Gross = 144 It allows us to “count” how many atoms we are using in a reaction!. The Mole. In chemistry the mole = …. 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms or molecules. 6.02x10 23 atoms or molecules.

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The Mole

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  1. The Mole • This is a quantity of atoms or molecules. • A Dozen = 12 • A Gross = 144 • It allows us to “count” how many atoms we are using in a reaction!

  2. The Mole • In chemistry the mole = …. • 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms or molecules. • 6.02x1023 atoms or molecules. • This number is called Avogadro’s Number.

  3. The Mole • How big is a mole? (useless facts ahead!) • A mole of watermelon seeds would be found in a watermelon that is slightly larger than the moon. • A mole of M&M’s would fill one-third of the Earth’s oceans.

  4. The Mole • A mole of donut holes could cover the Earth 5 miles deep. • A mole of red blood cells would exceed the number found on every human on earth combined. • A mole of pennies could pay the US national debt roughly 500 million times. (approx. $12 trillion as of today)

  5. How Can We Count Atoms? • Avogadro’s Principle • Equal volumes of gases (same Temperature & Pressure) have equal numbers of molecules. [http://www.bulldog.u-net.com/avogadro/imgs/avogad.gif]

  6. How Can We Count Atoms? • Early 1900’s – Scientists find approximate size of an atom. • The mole is then defined as the number of atoms in 12.0 g of carbon. (Avogadro’s Number!!!)

  7. The Mole II (Return of Bridges) • Mole (mol) – The number of atoms that are found in the molar mass of a given element. • Molar mass (M) is the atomic mass of an element measured in grams. [http://www.userwebs.pomona.edu/~cjt04747/Chem1/color_mole.jpg]

  8. The Mole II (Return of Bridges) Conversion factors for mole problems In 12.0 g of carbon 6.02 x 1023 In 18.0 g of H2O Atoms Formula Units (Ionic!) Molecules (covalent!) In 58.5 g of NaCl

  9. The Mole II (Return of Bridges) • Example: • How many molecules of O2 are there in 1.50 moles of O2? 1.50 mol O2 6.02 x 1023 molec. = 9.03 x 1023 molecules O2 1.0 mol O2 Watch Significant Digits!!!

  10. The Mole II (Return of Bridges) • Example: • How many grams of C2H4 are there in 3.0 moles of C2H4? 3.0 mol C2H4 28.0 g C2H4 = 84 g C2H4 1.0 mol C2H4

  11. The Mole II (Return of Bridges) • Example: • How many grams of Ca are there in 7.2 x 1022 atoms of Ca? 7.2 x 1022 atoms 40.1 g Ca = 4.8 g Ca 6.02 x 1023 atoms

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